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Trapped waves of the 27 November 1945 Makran tsunami: observations and numerical modeling

Author

Listed:
  • S. Neetu
  • I. Suresh
  • R. Shankar
  • B. Nagarajan
  • R. Sharma
  • S. Shenoi
  • A. Unnikrishnan
  • D. Sundar

Abstract

The 27 November 1945 earthquake in the Makran Subduction Zone triggered a destructive tsunami that has left important problems unresolved. According to the available reports, high waves persisted along the Makran coast and at Karachi for several hours after the arrival of the first wave. Long-duration sea-level oscillations were also reported from Port Victoria, Seychelles. On the other hand, only one high wave was reported from Mumbai. Tide-gauge records of the tsunami from Karachi and Mumbai confirm these reports. While the data from Mumbai shows a single high wave, Karachi data shows that high waves persisted for more than 7 h, with maximum wave height occurring 2.8 h after the arrival of the first wave. In this paper, we analyze the cause of these persistent high waves using a numerical model. The simulation reproduces the observed features reasonably well, particularly the persistent high waves at Karachi and the single high wave at Mumbai. It further reveals that the persistent high waves along the Makran coast and at Karachi were the result of trapping of the tsunami-wave energy on the continental shelf off the Makran coast and that these coastally-trapped edge waves were trapped in the along-shore direction within a ∼300-km stretch of the continental shelf. Sensitivity experiments establish that this along-shore trapping of the tsunami energy is due to variations in the shelf width. In addition, the model simulation indicates that the reported long duration of sea-level oscillations at Port Victoria were mainly due to trapping of the tsunami energy over the large shallow region surrounding the Seychelles archipelago. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Suggested Citation

  • S. Neetu & I. Suresh & R. Shankar & B. Nagarajan & R. Sharma & S. Shenoi & A. Unnikrishnan & D. Sundar, 2011. "Trapped waves of the 27 November 1945 Makran tsunami: observations and numerical modeling," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 59(3), pages 1609-1618, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:59:y:2011:i:3:p:1609-1618
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-9854-0
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. S. Prizomwala & Drasti Gandhi & Vishal Ukey & Nilesh Bhatt & B. Rastogi, 2015. "Coastal boulders as evidences of high-energy marine events from Diu Island, west coast of India: storm or palaeotsunami?," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 75(2), pages 1187-1203, January.
    2. A. D. Roshan & Prabir C. Basu & R. S. Jangid, 2016. "Tsunami hazard assessment of Indian coast," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 82(2), pages 733-762, June.
    3. Hamid Zafarani & Leila Etemadsaeed & Mohammad Rahimi & Navid Kheirdast & Amin Rashidi & Anooshiravan Ansari & Mohammad Mokhtari & Morteza Eskandari-Ghadi, 2023. "Probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis for western Makran coasts, south-east Iran," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 115(2), pages 1275-1311, January.
    4. G. Hoffmann & K. Reicherter & T. Wiatr & C. Grützner & T. Rausch, 2013. "Block and boulder accumulations along the coastline between Fins and Sur (Sultanate of Oman): tsunamigenic remains?," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 65(1), pages 851-873, January.
    5. Ehsan Rastgoftar & Mohsen Soltanpour, 2016. "Study and numerical modeling of 1945 Makran tsunami due to a probable submarine landslide," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 83(2), pages 929-945, September.
    6. C. Rajendran & Kusala Rajendran & Majid Shah-hosseini & Abdolmajid Beni & C. Nautiyal & Ronia Andrews, 2013. "The hazard potential of the western segment of the Makran subduction zone, northern Arabian Sea," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 65(1), pages 219-239, January.

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