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GIS-based morpho-tectonic studies of Alaknanda river basin: a precursor for hazard zonation

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  • D. Shukla
  • C. Dubey
  • A. Ningreichon
  • R. Singh
  • B. Mishra
  • S. Singh

Abstract

Alaknanda river basin is considered to be tectonically active where damaging earthquakes and landslides have occurred. The whole basin was divided into 8 sub-basins to carry out morphometric analyses, hypsometric integral (HI) analysis and valley floor width to valley height ratio (V f ) factor. The sub-basins 2 and 3 show that they are highly active, because of the higher values of bifurcation ratio, stream frequency asymmetric factor, and lower values of form factor, elongation ratio and circulatory ratio. In these areas, HI values are very low indicating that the landscape is highly eroded, deeply dissected and tectonically active. The result obtained from V f was similar which classified both these basins as highly active. Morphometric analysis, HI and V f analyses along with structural map of study area are used to prepare morpho-tectonic map classifying the whole area into very high, high, moderate and low zones of tectonic activity. This map clearly indicates that the areas near MCT II (Munsiari Thrust), MCT III (Ramgarh Thrust) and North Almora Thrust are tectonically very active which fall in sub-basins 2, 3, 4 and parts of 5. Various locations such as Chamoli, Birahi, Pipalkoti, Rudraprayag, etc. are situated in these zones where many earthquakes and landslides occur every year. Moreover, the data plotted for earthquakes and landslides occurrences are consistent with morpho-tectonic map and can be used as a precursor for demarcation of natural hazard vulnerable zones. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Suggested Citation

  • D. Shukla & C. Dubey & A. Ningreichon & R. Singh & B. Mishra & S. Singh, 2014. "GIS-based morpho-tectonic studies of Alaknanda river basin: a precursor for hazard zonation," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 71(3), pages 1433-1452, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:71:y:2014:i:3:p:1433-1452
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0953-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cameron Wobus & Arjun Heimsath & Kelin Whipple & Kip Hodges, 2005. "Active out-of-sequence thrust faulting in the central Nepalese Himalaya," Nature, Nature, vol. 434(7036), pages 1008-1011, April.
    2. William Mohanty & M. Walling & Sankar Nath & Indrajit Pal, 2007. "First Order Seismic Microzonation of Delhi, India Using Geographic Information System (GIS)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 40(2), pages 245-260, February.
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    1. Rajesh Kumar Dash & Philips Omowumi Falae & Debi Prasanna Kanungo, 2022. "Debris flow susceptibility zonation using statistical models in parts of Northwest Indian Himalayas—implementation, validation, and comparative evaluation," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(2), pages 2011-2058, March.
    2. Neeraj Pant & Rajendra Kumar Dubey & Anand Bhatt & Shive Prakash Rai & Prabhat Semwal & Sumit Mishra, 2020. "Soil erosion and flood hazard zonation using morphometric and morphotectonic parameters in Upper Alaknanda river basin," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(3), pages 3263-3301, September.
    3. Pawan K. Chaubey & Prashant K. Srivastava & Akhilesh Gupta & R. K. Mall, 2021. "Integrated assessment of extreme events and hydrological responses of Indo-Nepal Gandak River Basin," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(6), pages 8643-8668, June.
    4. S. Panwar & V. Agarwal & G. J. Chakrapani, 2017. "Morphometric and sediment source characterization of the Alaknanda river basin, headwaters of river Ganga, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 87(3), pages 1649-1671, July.

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