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Pedestrian hazard criteria for flooded urban areas

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  • B. Russo
  • M. Gómez
  • F. Macchione

Abstract

Urban floods are sudden phenomena normally characterized by short flooding durations and devastating effects due to the high concentrations of persons, goods, and properties located in urban areas. In these cases, uncontrolled runoff can flow on urban streets, creating a significant hazard for pedestrians and vehicles. The safety of people can be compromised when they are exposed to flows that exceed their ability to remain standing or to traverse flow paths. With the aim of studying the stability of pedestrians in flooded street during storm events, a model representing an urban street in real scale was designed and built. Following a specific protocol that considering several flow rates (up to 500 l/s) and different longitudinal slopes (up to 10 %), 834 tests, using 23 human subjects, were carried out in good and poor light conditions. Hazard conditions were classified into three groups (low, medium, and high), and the parameters for which these conditions occurred were recorded. Results showed that for subjects weighing 50–60 daN (50–60 kg mass) and flow depths between 9 and 16 cm, velocities of 1.5–2 m/s can generate loss of stability due to phenomena of dragging or overturning. Empirical expressions were proposed to relate human subject characteristics (weight and height) and limiting flow conditions at which loss of stability occurs. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

Suggested Citation

  • B. Russo & M. Gómez & F. Macchione, 2013. "Pedestrian hazard criteria for flooded urban areas," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 69(1), pages 251-265, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:69:y:2013:i:1:p:251-265
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0702-2
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Davor Kvočka & Roger A. Falconer & Michaela Bray, 2016. "Flood hazard assessment for extreme flood events," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 84(3), pages 1569-1599, December.
    2. Beniamino Russo & Manuel Gómez Valentín & Jackson Tellez-Álvarez, 2021. "The Relevance of Grated Inlets within Surface Drainage Systems in the Field of Urban Flood Resilience. A Review of Several Experimental and Numerical Simulation Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-13, June.
    3. John Stevens & Rob Henderson & James Webber & Barry Evans & Albert Chen & Slobodan Djordjević & Daniel Sánchez-Muñoz & José Domínguez-García, 2020. "Interlinking Bristol Based Models to Build Resilience to Climate Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, April.
    4. Beniamino Russo & Marc Velasco & Luca Locatelli & David Sunyer & Daniel Yubero & Robert Monjo & Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz & Edwar Forero-Ortiz & Daniel Sánchez-Muñoz & Barry Evans & Andoni Gonzalez Góm, 2020. "Assessment of Urban Flood Resilience in Barcelona for Current and Future Scenarios. The RESCCUE Project," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-25, July.
    5. Michael A. Strom & Gregory B. Pasternack & Scott G. Burman & Helen E. Dahlke & Samuel Sandoval-Solis, 2017. "Hydraulic hazard exposure of humans swept away in a whitewater river," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 88(1), pages 473-502, August.
    6. Helena M. Ramos & Mohsen Besharat, 2021. "Urban Flood Risk and Economic Viability Analyses of a Smart Sustainable Drainage System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-13, December.
    7. María Guerrero-Hidalga & Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz & Barry Evans & James Webber & Montserrat Termes-Rifé & Beniamino Russo & Luca Locatelli, 2020. "Methodology to Prioritize Climate Adaptation Measures in Urban Areas. Barcelona and Bristol Case Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-25, June.
    8. Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz & Carlos Barbero & Martí Sanchez-Juny & Edwar Forero-Ortiz & Marcos Sanz-Ramos, 2023. "Dams or ponds classification based on a new criterion to assess potential flood damage to roads in case of failure," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(1), pages 625-653, May.
    9. Francesco Macchione & Gianluca De Lorenzo & Pierfranco Costabile & Babak Razdar, 2016. "The Power Function for Representing the Reservoir Rating Curve: Morphological Meaning and Suitability for Dam Breach Modelling," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(13), pages 4861-4881, October.

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