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Assessing Stability and Change in a Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Model of Meaning in Life

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  • Neal Krause
  • R. David Hayward

Abstract

Research indicates that meaning in life is an important correlate of health and well-being. However, relatively little is known about the way a sense of meaning may change over time. The purpose of this study is to explore two ways of assessing change in meaning within a second-order confirmatory factor analysis framework. First, tests are conducted to see if the first and second-order factor loadings and measurement error terms are invariant over time. Second, a largely overlooked technique is used to assess change and stability in meaning at the second-order level. Findings from a nationwide survey reveal that the first and second-order factor loadings are invariant of time. Moreover, the second-order measurement error terms, but not the first-order measurement error terms, are invariant, as well. The results further reveal that standard ways of assessing stability mask significant change in meaning that is due largely to regression to the mean. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Neal Krause & R. David Hayward, 2014. "Assessing Stability and Change in a Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Model of Meaning in Life," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 237-253, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:15:y:2014:i:2:p:237-253
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-013-9418-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Neal Krause, 2009. "Meaning in Life and Mortality," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 64(4), pages 517-527.
    2. Michael Steger & Todd Kashdan, 2007. "Stability and specificity of meaning in life and life satisfaction over one year," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 8(2), pages 161-179, June.
    3. Neal Krause, 2004. "Stressors Arising in Highly Valued Roles, Meaning in Life, and the Physical Health Status of Older Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 59(5), pages 287-297.
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    2. Natalia Czyżowska & Ewa Gurba, 2021. "Does Reflection on Everyday Events Enhance Meaning in Life and Well-Being among Emerging Adults? Self-Efficacy as Mediator between Meaning in Life and Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-14, September.

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