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Energy vulnerability and resilience in the EU: concepts, empirics and policy

Author

Listed:
  • Dario Guarascio

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Jelena Reljic

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Francesco Zezza

    (Sapienza University of Rome
    Levy Economics Institute of Bard College)

Abstract

This paper analyses energy vulnerability and resilience in the EU. First, a comprehensive review of the relevant literature is carried out, discussing key concepts and indicators used to assess countries’ relative positioning vis-à-vis energy shocks. Second, we rely on a large set of indicators (i.e., share of energy intensive industries, import dependency and market concentration, productive and technological capabilities in the renewables domain, policy efforts to increase energy resilience) to provide a thorough mapping of EU Member States’ positioning in terms of energy vulnerability and resilience. Third, we assess industrial and energy policy actions put in place at both the EU and the national level, highlighting relevant heterogeneities and discussing whether policy efforts are consistent with the degree of vulnerability of Member States.

Suggested Citation

  • Dario Guarascio & Jelena Reljic & Francesco Zezza, 2025. "Energy vulnerability and resilience in the EU: concepts, empirics and policy," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 52(3), pages 683-726, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:epolin:v:52:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s40812-025-00340-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s40812-025-00340-9
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    JEL classification:

    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy

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