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Crowd out or crowd in?: The effects of common interest developments on political participation in California

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  • Tracy M. Gordon

Abstract

Individuals are increasingly opting to contract directly with “private governments,” or common interest developments (CIDs) such as condominiums, cooperatives, and planned developments, for many of the traditional functions of general-purpose local government. Over the past thirty years, CIDs have proliferated throughout the U.S. In 1962, there were fewer than 500 such organizations nationally while today there are an estimated 205,000 CIDs including over 42 million Americans. According to several scholars, the past thirty years have also witnessed declines in civic engagement or “social capital.” This paper investigates links between these trends. In particular, it analyzes the effects of planned developments (PDs) in California on voting behavior in statewide general elections during the 1990s. Results indicate that areas with PDs do not exhibit significantly different voter turnout, registration, and party affiliation once potential selection bias is taken into account. These findings undermine the popular view that private governments crowd out participation in traditional public government. Copyright Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003

Suggested Citation

  • Tracy M. Gordon, 2003. "Crowd out or crowd in?: The effects of common interest developments on political participation in California," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 37(2), pages 203-233, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:anresc:v:37:y:2003:i:2:p:203-233
    DOI: 10.1007/s001680300147
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Cheung, Ron, 2008. "The interaction between public and private governments: An empirical analysis," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 885-901, May.
    2. Cheung, Ron & Cunningham, Chris & Meltzer, Rachel, 2014. "Do homeowners associations mitigate or aggravate negative spillovers from neighboring homeowner distress?," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 75-88.
    3. Meltzer, Rachel, 2011. "“Clean and Safe” for All? The Interaction Betweeen Business Improvement Districts and Local Government in the Provision of Public Goods," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 64(3), pages 863-889, September.
    4. Lee Adkins & R. Carter Hill, 2007. "Bootstrap Inferences in Heteroscedastic Sample Selection Models: A Monte Carlo Investigation," Economics Working Paper Series 0710, Oklahoma State University, Department of Economics and Legal Studies in Business.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    JEL classification: H7; H4; R5;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H7 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
    • H4 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods
    • R5 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis

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