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Неформальная Занятость Населения России: Оценка Масштаба И Влияния На Государственные Финансы Страны // Informal Employment Of The Population Of Russia: Assessment Of The Scale And The Impact On Public Finances Of The Country

Author

Listed:
  • V. Salin N.

    (Financial University, Moscow, Russia)

  • V. Narbut V.

    (Financial University, Moscow, Russia)

  • В. Салин Н.

    (Финансовый университет)

  • В. Нарбут В.

    (Финансовый университет)

Abstract

Topic. The research object of the article is informal employment of the population of the Russian Federation. The authors assessed the magnitude of this phenomenon in the period from 2005 to 2015. We analyse the age structure, educational level, status of the population involved in informal activities, regional characteristics of the spread of this phenomenon, and made grouping of Russian regions by share of employed in the informal sector. At the end we make the final selection of the demographic, economic, social and financial factors influencing the proportion of the population engaged in informal activities.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to establish dependence between the selected indicators and the level of informal employment, as well as assessment of the impact of informal employment on the socio-economic development of the country and the state of public finances.Methodology. The study is based on statistical methods: data grouping, analysis of indexes’ dynamics, one-factor analysis of variance. Evaluation of the relationship between variables was carried out based on the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The association was considered significant at p<0.05. Calculations were made using the Attestat add-in for Microsoft Excel 2010 and statistical software package STATISTICA 10.Results. The authors identified a direct correlation between the share of informal employment and a level of unemployment, and reverse relation between the average money incomes of population per capita and GRP, the amount of investments per capita, level of development of small business, and income taxes per capita. Informal employment negatively affects the collection of taxes, fees and other payments. Regional budgets annually lose substantial amounts of revenues. In 2015, in the regions with a low share of informal employment (10%) revenues count for 214,298 rubles taxes, fees and charges per capita, and with a high share of informal employment (over 50%) it is almost 25 times less — only 8703 rubles.Conclusions. The results of the study allow us to conclude that today reducing informal employment of Russia’s population and the legalization of employment is the most relevant issues in the field of social and labour relations. Situation when a significant part of workers do not pay taxes and mandatory payments, but use social benefits, requires the solution. Given the results obtained, to solve the question of informal employment of Russia’s population it is necessary to take measures to reduce unemployment, improve living standards and development of small business in regions where the incidence of that phenomenon is high. Предмет. Объект исследования статьи — неформальная занятость населения Российской Федерации и ее влияние на государственные финансы страны. Авторами дана оценка масштабов этого явления за период с 2005 по 2015 г. Проведен анализ возрастной структуры, образовательного уровня, статуса населения, вовлеченного в неформальную деятельность. Исследованы региональные особенности распространения этого явления и осуществлена группировка регионов России по доле занятых в неформальном секторе. Проведен отбор демографических, экономических, социальных и финансовых факторов, оказывающих влияние на долю населения, занятого неформальной деятельностью.Цель. Установление зависимости между отобранными показателями и уровнем неформальной занятости, а также оценка влияния неформальной занятости на социально-экономическое развитие страны и состояние государственных финансов.Методология. Исследование базируется на статистических, эконометрических методах: группировки данных, анализа рядов динамики, дисперсионного анализа. Оценка связи между признаками осуществлялась на основе непараметрических методов. Расчеты производились с использованием надстройки Attestat программы Microsoft Excel 2010, пакета статистических программ STATISTICA 10.Результаты. Авторами выявлена прямая зависимость между долей неформально занятых и уровнем безработицы и обратная связь с величиной среднедушевых денежных доходов населения, ВРП, величиной инвестиций на душу населения, уровнем развития малого предпринимательства, объемом поступлений налогов и сборов в бюджет на душу населения. Неформальная занятость крайне негативно отражается на собираемости налогов, сборов и иных платежей. Региональные бюджеты ежегодно недополучают значительные суммы. В 2015 г. в регионах с низкой долей неформальной занятости (до 10%) с каждого жителя поступило 214298 руб. налогов, сборов и платежей, а с высокой долей неформальной занятости (свыше 50%) — почти в 25 раз меньше, всего 8703 руб.Выводы. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют сделать вывод, что на сегодняшний день наиболее актуальными в сфере социально-трудовых отношений становятся вопросы сокращения масштабов неформальной занятости населения России и легализация занятости. Ситуация, когда значительная часть трудящихся не оплачивает налоги и обязательные платежи, но пользуется социальными благами, требует решения этой проблемы. Для этого необходимо принять меры по сокращению безработицы в регионах, где ее масштабы велики, по повышению уровня жизни населения и развитию малого предпринимательства.

Suggested Citation

  • V. Salin N. & V. Narbut V. & В. Салин Н. & В. Нарбут В., 2017. "Неформальная Занятость Населения России: Оценка Масштаба И Влияния На Государственные Финансы Страны // Informal Employment Of The Population Of Russia: Assessment Of The Scale And The Impact On Publi," Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice // Finance: Theory and Practice, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 21(6), pages 60-69.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:financ:y:2017:i:6:p:60-69
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Colin C. Williams, 2013. "Beyond The Formal Economy: Evaluating The Level Of Employment In Informal Sector Enterprises In Global Perspective," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 18(04), pages 1-21.
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