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Identifying and Measuring Dimensions of Urban Deprivation in Montreal: An Analysis of the 1996 Census Data

Author

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  • Andre Langlois

    (Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, KIN 6N5, andrelan@uottawaca)

  • Peter Kitchen

    (Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, KIN 6N5, pkitchen@intranet.ca.)

Abstract

This paper uses data from the 1996 Canadian census to examine and measure the spatial structure and intensity of urban deprivation in Montreal. Urban deprivation emerged as an important theme in urban studies and urban geography during the 1990s. Since the early 1980s, the Montreal urban area, particularly the Island of Montreal, has experienced an increase in urban social problems, brought on largely by economic restructuring, recessions and the out-migration of residents and businesses to suburban communities. Twenty indicators of urban deprivation are drawn from the census and analysed by way of a principal components analysis first to identify the main types of deprivation in the city and then to measure its intensity. In the process, a general deprivation index (GDI) is devised which can be applied to study the spatial aspects of this phenomenon in other Canadian cities. The study identified six main types of deprivation in the city and found that they were most visible on the Island of Montreal, especially in the central and eastern parts. Additionally, it found that urban deprivation in not confined to the inner city, as several of the most severely deprived neighbourhoods are located outside the central city and even in the off-Island suburbs.

Suggested Citation

  • Andre Langlois & Peter Kitchen, 2001. "Identifying and Measuring Dimensions of Urban Deprivation in Montreal: An Analysis of the 1996 Census Data," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 38(1), pages 119-139, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:38:y:2001:i:1:p:119-139
    DOI: 10.1080/00420980020014848
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Broadway, 1989. "A comparison of patterns of urban deprivation between Canadian and U.S. cities," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 21(5), pages 531-551, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Scott W Hegerty, 2019. "A Comparison of Tract-Level, Nationwide Indices of Economic Deprivation," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 39(1), pages 256-263.
    2. Rodrigo Javier Durán & Miguel Ángel Condorí, 2019. "Deprivation Index for Small Areas Based on Census Data in Argentina," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 141(1), pages 331-363, January.
    3. Crouse, Dan L. & Ross, Nancy A. & Goldberg, Mark S., 2009. "Double burden of deprivation and high concentrations of ambient air pollution at the neighbourhood scale in Montreal, Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 971-981, September.

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