Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparison of Legislation and Support in Malaysia and the UK

Autism, encompassing conditions such as Asperger Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, is marked by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. In Malaysia, the Persons with Disabilities Act 2008 provides general protections but lacks enforceable provisions, while the Employment Act 1955 does not address autism-specific workplace adjustments. Consequently, individuals with autism face high unemployment rates and financial hardships, with limited government support for specialized services or employer incentives. This paper explores the challenges faced by individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Malaysia, comparing its legal and social frameworks to those in the United Kingdom. The following paper presents a qualitative study based on secondary data collected through scientific databases and library research that examines the legal protection systems for persons with autism in Malaysia and the United Kingdom. Through statutory interpretation and comparative analysis, key features of each jurisdiction point out remarkable similarities and differences in the responsibilities of the government in the discharge of rights and protection for persons with autism. It is recommended that Malaysia adopt a comprehensive autism strategy similar to the UK's, including mandatory autism assessments for individuals in the criminal justice system, as well as implementing clear employment protections for autistic individuals by amending the Employment Act 1955 and establishing a workplace adaptation funding scheme, inspired by the UK's Access to Work system.