Where Can Persons with Disabilities Work? An Analysis of Opinion Dynamics and Employment Opportunities: a Longitudinal Study

Introduction. The relevance of the topic stems from the need to monitor changes in the opinions and employment conditions of persons with disabilities to improve the effectiveness of inclusive policies and practices, as well as to develop sustainable solutions in the field of labor integration. The study is aimed at identifying and analyzing the opportunities and constraints in the employment of persons with disabilities, as well as tracking changes in their opinions and perceptions of labor market participation over time. Materials and methods. The study utilized articles from reputable scientific journals and the results of questionnaire surveys of the population of Almaty (Kazakhstan), conducted from 2020 to 2024, with a sample size of 5,000 individuals (55.3% male, 44.7% female). The questionnaire included items on age, employment status, and opinions on whether persons with disabilities can work in standard enterprises, specially created workplaces, or exclusively at home. Results. The majority of the region’s residents believe that persons with disabilities should work in specialized settings (55%), approximately one-third of respondents indicated that they could work in standard enterprises (33%), and only 12% were convinced that work from home was feasible. An increase was noted in the number of those supporting the employment of persons with disabilities in standard conditions; however, the responsibility for providing specialized workplaces is perceived as necessary, which is associated with limited or stereotypical perceptions of such work environments. Conclusion. The study possesses scientific novelty and practical significance due to the scarcity of statistical data on this topic at international and national levels, as most research focuses on attitudes towards persons with disabilities and their rights. Owing to technological advancements and increased awareness, disability is increasingly less viewed as an impediment to employment. Overall, public opinion is positive: the majority believes that persons with disabilities can work in standard conditions given the necessary support and accommodations.