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Impact of Globalization and of Institutions Quality on Gender Inequality with Emphasis on Political Equality and Human capital

Author

Listed:
  • Zahra Sadeghi Motamed

    (Ph. D Student of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Science and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran)

  • Abolfazl Shahabadi

    (Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Science and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran)

  • Hamid Kordbacheh

    (Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Science and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran)

Abstract

Inequality is one of the most important issues in economic development. Evidence shows that inequality has a direct impact on growth (due to reduced domestic demand), wealth concentration, individuals’ economic opportunities, social cohesion, welfare, and crime (as a result of perceptions of social injustice). Therefore, excessive inequality is harmful to economic development and can also affect the effectiveness of economic development assistance. Inequality may exist among individuals, groups, or nations. One form of inequality is gender-related inequality. Gender inequality is a critical economic issue. For the global economy to flourish, an equal playing field must be provided for women, similar to that of men. The objective of the present study is to examine the impact of globalization and institutional quality on gender inequality, with an emphasis on the role of political equality and human capital, over the period 2008–2020. The study is conducted using the two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and panel data from selected countries. The results indicate that the impact of globalization on gender inequality is positive and statistically significant, while the effects of institutional quality, political equality, and human capital on gender inequality are negative and statistically significant. The findings highlight the importance of improving institutional quality and enhancing political equality and human capital in reducing gender inequality and strengthening economic development

Suggested Citation

  • Zahra Sadeghi Motamed & Abolfazl Shahabadi & Hamid Kordbacheh, 2025. "Impact of Globalization and of Institutions Quality on Gender Inequality with Emphasis on Political Equality and Human capital," Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Business, University of Tabriz, vol. 12(4), pages 211-240.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:qjatoe:023062
    DOI: 10.22034/ecoj.2025.68618.3448
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • H19 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Other

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