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L'Europe et l'Afrique, d'un Berlin à l'autre : 1885-1989

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  • Roland Colin
  • Bruno Coquet
  • Jean-Marc Daniel
  • Emmanuel Fourmann

Abstract

[eng] Europe and Africa, Berlin 1885 to Berlin 1989 . The 1885 Berlin Conference on the partition of Africa and the 1989 dismantling of the wall that symbolised the East-West divide, stand as key dates in the history of international relations. They both influenced the destiny of Africa. The conference between the nineteenth-century leading countries left its mark, which is still being felt today, in the political and economic geography of the African continent. The fall of the Berlin wall has questioned the relevance of the links between European countries, most of them former colonial powers, and African countries. Today's interest in Eastern countries fuels fears of a growing indifference towards Africa; the démocratisation of formerly totalitarian Eastern regimes finds its counterpart in young African nations, which have generally known political dictatorships only, most of whom are being dismissed today due to economic bankrupcies of the continent. This paper presents the evolution of political, commercial and financial links between European and African countries. Using both historical and quantitative analysis of flows, this paper proposes an explanatory approach to the situation observed in such relations, aims at a better understanding of the lack of development and proposes solutions for the future. [fre] La conférence du partage de l'Afrique, qui s 'était tenue en 1885 à Berlin, et l'effondrement en 1989 du mur qui symbolisait la fracture Est-Ouest, constituent deux dates-clés dans l'histoire des relations internationales. Elles ont chacune à leur mesure influencé le destin de l'Afrique. La conférence entre les grandes puissances du dix-neuvième siècle a imprimé une marque que restitue encore aujourd'hui la géographie politique et économique du continent. La chute du mur a remis en question l'actualité et la priorité des liens qui existent entre les pays européens, pour la plupart d'anciennes puissances coloniales, et les pays africains. Le rapprochement avec l'Est fait craindre un désintérêt pour l'Afrique ; la démocratisation des anciens régimes totalitaires de l'Est trouve son pendant au Sud dans les jeunes nations africaines qui n'ont pratiquement connu qu'un monolithisme politique, aujourd'hui remis en cause par la faillite économique généralisée du continent. . Cette étude retrace les évolutions politiques, commerciales et financières des liens entre les pays européens et les pays africains. A partir d'une analyse historique et quantitative des flux, elle propose une logique explicative des évolutions et des permanences constatées dans ces relations, dans l'espoir de mieux comprendre les raisons d'une absence de développement et dans le but d'éclairer les moyens de résoudre celle-ci.

Suggested Citation

  • Roland Colin & Bruno Coquet & Jean-Marc Daniel & Emmanuel Fourmann, 1993. "L'Europe et l'Afrique, d'un Berlin à l'autre : 1885-1989," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(1), pages 455-488.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1993_num_43_1_1310
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1993.1310
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1993.1310
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bruno Coquet & Jean-Marc Daniel, 1992. "Quel avenir pour la zone franc ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 41(1), pages 241-291.
    2. Jagdish N. Bhagwati, 1984. "Development Economics: What Have We Learned?," Asian Development Review (ADR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 2(01), pages 23-38.
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