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Théorie et modélisation macro-économiques, d'hier à aujourd'hui

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  • Michel De Vroey
  • Pierre Malgrange

Abstract

[eng] The Evolution of Macroeconomic Theory and Modelling Along the Last Fifty Years. An outline of the evolution from the birth up to present days of the macroeconomics is laid out, its emergence during the thirties, then the period of the domination of the Keynesian macroeconomics of the years 1950 to 1970. The following stage of the evolution has been the attack from Milton Friedman and Robert Lucas against Keynesian macroeconomics. We consider the works of these authors deserve the label of a "scientific revolution à la Kuhn", with the emergence of the dynamic and stochastic macroeconomics. Associated with this, the focus of macroeconomics has shifted. Themes linked to market failures, and especially to unemployment disappear, in favour of cycle and growth analysis, these last being studied from the pos- tulate of efficient working of the system. These last years have seen the emergence of a "New Neoclassical Synthesis" mimicking the old synthesis in combining keynesian and classical elements, while adopting the new methodology of equilibrium discipline and of agents rational behaviour. [fre] Michel De Vroey Pierre Malgrange Théorie et modélisation macroéconomiques, d'hier à aujourd'hui. Nous retraçons à grands traits l'évolution de la macro-économie de sa naissance à nos jours, son émergence dans les années 1930, puis la période de règne sans partage de la macro-économie keynésienne des années 1950 à 1970. L'étape suivante de son évolution est l'offensive menée par Milton Friedman et Robert Lucas contre la macro-économie keynésienne. Les travaux de ces auteurs ont débouché sur un changement de perspective qui nous paraît mériter d'être épingle comme une « révolution scientifique » à la Kuhn, l'émergence de la macroéconomie dynamique et stochastique. Avec celle-ci, le centre d'intérêt de la théorie et de la modélisation macroéconomique se déplace. Le thème des défaillances de l'économie de marché, et en particulier du chômage, est délaissé au profit d'un examen des phénomènes du cycle et de la croissance, ceux-ci étant étudiés à partir de l'hypothèse d'un fonctionnement efficace du système. Ces dernières années ont vu l'émergence d'une « nouvelle synthèse néo-classique » rejouant le jeu de la synthèse ancienne avec une combinaison d'éléments keynésiens et classiques, tout en adoptant la méthodologie nouvelle de discipline de l'équilibre et de rationalité des agents.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel De Vroey & Pierre Malgrange, 2007. "Théorie et modélisation macro-économiques, d'hier à aujourd'hui," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 21(3), pages 3-38.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2007_num_21_3_1602
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2007.1602
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2007.1602
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    Cited by:

    1. Pascale Combes Motel, 2022. "Introductory Macroeconomics," Post-Print hal-03865968, HAL.
    2. Jovanovic, Franck & Schinckus, Christophe, 2017. "Econophysics and Financial Economics: An Emerging Dialogue," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780190205034, Decembrie.
    3. Ludovic Desmedt & Matthieu Llorca, 2016. "L’euro, le bourdon et le banquier central," Post-Print hal-01430375, HAL.

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