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Quand les hausses du SMIC réduisent le coût du travail

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  • Yannick L'Horty

Abstract

[eng] When the increases of the minimum wage decrease the labor cost. . The aim of this study is to analyze the consequences of the French system of social contribution cuts, targeted on unskilled workers labor cost, which has been introduced since 1993. This system induces labor cost reduction which have three main effects on employment. The first one, a substitution effect, and the second one, an income effect, are well known. The last one, that we have called an assessment effect, is peculiar to targeted tax cuts. We show that the combination of these three effects can explain the trend break in the employment share of unskilled workers that happened in France in the nineties. Therefore, this system can also put a brake on individual wages increases, and they change the way that minimum wage works as a structural policy tool. In the presence of these social contribution cuts, the labor cost of unskilled workers decrease when minimum wage increase. [fre] Cette étude analyse les principales vertus et limites des dispositifs d'allégement de charges sur les bas salaires qui ont été mis en œuvre en France depuis 1993. Ces dispositifs consistent en des mécanismes originaux permettant de réduire le coût du travail de façon ciblée, dans le bas de la distribution des salaires. Ils jouent sur l'emploi au travers de trois effets principaux. Les deux premiers, effet de substitution et de revenu, sont traditionnels. Le dernier, qualifié ici d'effet d'assiette, est propre aux instruments modifiant le coût du travail de façon ciblée. On montre que le jeu combiné de ces effets est susceptible d'expliquer la stabilisation de la part de l'emploi peu qualifié constatée en France depuis la mise en œuvre de ces dispositifs. Pour autant, ces mécanismes ont pour inconvénients de freiner les progressions individuelles des salaires et d'interférer avec un autre instrument de politique structurelle, le salaire minimum de croissance.

Suggested Citation

  • Yannick L'Horty, 2000. "Quand les hausses du SMIC réduisent le coût du travail," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 51(3), pages 499-512.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_2000_num_51_3_410531
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    Cited by:

    1. Jérôme Gautié, 2010. "France: Towards the End of an Active Minimum Wage Policy?," Chapters, in: Daniel Vaughan-Whitehead (ed.), The Minimum Wage Revisited in the Enlarged EU, chapter 5, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Mathieu Bunel & Céline Emond & Yannick L’Horty, 2012. "Évaluer les réformes des exonérations générales de cotisations sociales," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(7), pages 57-103.
    3. Michaël Zemmour, 2013. "Les dépenses socio-fiscales ayant trait à la protection sociale : état des lieux," Working Papers hal-01064750, HAL.
    4. Mathieu Bunel & Yannick L'Horty, 2011. "Les effets des aides publiques aux Hôtels Cafés Restaurants et leurs interactions," Working Papers halshs-00658460, HAL.
    5. Bertrand Lhommeau & Véronique Rémy, 2009. "Les politiques d’allégements ont-elles un effet sur la mobilité salariale des travailleurs à bas salaire ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 429(1), pages 21-49.
    6. Vincent Charlet & Philippe Frocrain, 2017. "Les limites des allégements de charges sur les bas salaires," Working Papers hal-01695167, HAL.
    7. Jérôme Gautié & David Margolis, 2009. "Introduction," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 429(1), pages 3-19.
    8. Mathieu Bunel & Yannick L'Horty, 2011. "Les effets des aides publiques aux Hôtels Cafés Restaurants et leurs interactions : Une évaluation sur micro-données d'entreprises," Working Papers halshs-00744905, HAL.
    9. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/6o65lgig8d0qcro9oj599gl90 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Aziza Garsaa & Nadine Levratto, 2015. "Do labor tax rebates facilitate firm growth? An empirical study on French establishments in the manufacturing industry, 2004–2011," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 613-641, October.

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