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Dynamiques des réseaux et des cercles. Encastrements et découplages

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  • Michel Grossetti
  • Marie-Pierre Bès

Abstract

[eng] Generally, the notion of embeddedness is used to suggest that some kind of economic activity depends on social structures, and especially on social networks. But, where do social relations come from ? Several studies of social networks show that personal relations are most of the times created within collective contexts (families, organisations, what we call "circles"), until they become autonomous, that is to say, until they decouple from them. In this article, we define after Harrison C. White the notions of embedding and decoupling as dynamic processes that move action from the level of collective entities (firms and markets for example) to the level of individuals, or mutually. We illustrate our reasonning with two kinds of data : one on cooperations between research laboratories and firms and another on personal networks. [fre] Généralement, la notion d'encastrement est utilisée pour suggérer qu'une activité économique quelconque dépend des structures sociales et en particulier des réseaux sociaux. Mais d'où viennent les relations sociales ? Les études de réseaux sociaux montrent que les relations personnelles se forment le plus souvent au sein de contextes collectifs (familles, organisations que nous appelons des cercles), jusqu'à ce qu'elles acquièrent une autonomie, c'est-à-dire qu'elles se découplent de ces contextes. Dans cet article, nous définissons à la suite de Harrison C. White les notions d'encastrement et le découplage comme des processus dynamiques faisant passer l'action du niveau des entités collectives (entreprises ou marchés par exemple) au niveau des individus, ou réciproquement. Nous illustrerons notre raisonnement en nous appuyant sur deux types de données : l'un sur les collaborations entre laboratoires de recherche publique et entreprises, l'autre sur les réseaux personnels.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Grossetti & Marie-Pierre Bès, 2003. "Dynamiques des réseaux et des cercles. Encastrements et découplages," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 103(1), pages 43-58.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2003_num_103_1_3107
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2003.3107
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2003.3107
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sophie Boutillier, 2019. "Small Entrepreneurship, Knowledge and Social Resources in a Heavy Industrial Territory. The Case of Eco-Innovations in Dunkirk, North of France," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 10(3), pages 997-1018, September.
    2. Bastien Bernela & Rachel Levy, 2017. "Collaboration networks within a French cluster: Do partners really interact with each other?," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 96(1), pages 115-138, March.
    3. Jean-Philippe Berrou & Claire Gondard-Delcroix, 2018. "Dynamics of social networks of urban informal entrepreneurs in an African economy," Review of Social Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 76(2), pages 167-197, April.
    4. Agnès BELLEC-GAUCHE & Yuna CHIFFOLEAU, 2015. "Construction des stratégies et des performances dans les circuits courts alimentaires : entre encastrement relationnel et gestionnaire," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement, INRA Department of Economics, vol. 96(4), pages 653-676.
    5. Olivier Coussi & Anne Krupicka, 2014. "Morphogénèse d'un dispositif institutionnel d'accompagnement de l'innovation dans les PME impliquant un tandem étudiant/chercheur," Post-Print hal-00997850, HAL.
    6. BELLEC-GAUCHE, Agnes & CHIFFOLEAU, Yuna, 2015. "Construction des stratégies et des performances dans les circuits courts alimentaires : entre encastrement relationnel et gestionnaire," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement (RAEStud), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 96(4), November.
    7. Marie Ferru, 2012. "Partners connection process and geography of innovation: new insights from a comparative inter-organizational partnerships analysis," Working Papers hal-00461258, HAL.
    8. Bastien Bernela & Rachel Levy, 2014. "Modalities of coordination inside innovative collaborative projects: between face-to-face interactions and interactions at a distance [Modalités de coordination de projets collaboratifs pour l'inno," Working Papers halshs-01085016, HAL.
    9. Michel Grossetti, 2007. "Proximities and Embedding Effects," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(5), pages 629-642, June.
    10. Valdivieso Larrain, Felipe, 2012. "Dynamiques sociales et changement de pratiques viticoles : échanges professionnels, don et identités. Le cas des viticulteurs de deux communes dans l’Hérault," Economics Thesis from University Paris Dauphine, Paris Dauphine University, number 123456789/10457 edited by Alter, Norbert.

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