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Énergie et productivité : un lien assez lâche

Author

Listed:
  • Alain Charmant
  • Jean Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne
  • Norbert Ladoux

Abstract

[spa] Energía y productividad: un lazo bastante flojo - Los numerosos estudios acerca de la productividad deducen generalmente una tendencia a la baja de la tasa de crecimiento de la productividad global de los factores y en algunas ocasiones también de la productividad del trabajo desde la mitad de la década de los setenta o al inicio de la decada de los ochenta. La concomitancia de estas fechas con los choques petroleros de 1973 y de 1979-1980 hizo que se considerase a la energía como el factor explicativo de estos resultados relativamente menos buenos de las economías de los países desarrollados. . Referiéndose al contexto actual caracterizado por el precio elevado del petróleo, este artîculo intenta evaluar la magnitud del impacto de los choques petroleros sobre la productividad global basándose en un enfoque neoclásico de la producción. Dicho marco es el más pertinente en este tipo de análisis. Demuestra que tanto mediante las deformaciones de demanda de factores de producción que surgen de las substituciones iniciadas por el encarecimiento de la energía, como mediante el desajuste del stock de capital, el que puede ser atribuido al efecto indirecto de los choques petroleros, el papel desempenado por la energía es, en resumidas cuentas, modesto. [fre] Les nombreuses études sur la productivité concluent généralement à une inflexion à la baisse du taux de croissance de la productivité globale des facteurs, et parfois aussi de la productivité du travail, dès le milieu de la décennie soixante-dix ou en tout cas au début de la décennie quatre- vingt. La concomitance de ces dates avec les chocs pétroliers de 1973 et de 1979-1980 a fait suspecter l'énergie d'être le facteur explicatif de ces performances relativement moins bonnes des économies développées. En référence au contexte actuel de prix élevé du pétrole, . cet article tente d'évaluer l'ordre de grandeur de l'impact de chocs pétroliers sur la productivité globale en se fondant sur une fonction de production à facteurs substitua- bles. Ce cadre est le plus pertinent dans ce type d'analyse. Il montre que, tant via les déformations de demandes de facteurs de production, issues des substitutions initiées par le renchérissement de l'énergie, que via le désajus- tement du stock de capital, qui peut être attribué à l'effet indirect des chocs pétroliers, le rôle de l'énergie est somme toute modeste. [eng] Energy and Productivity: A Relatively Remote Relationship - The numerous studies on productivity generally conclude that there was a drop in the growth rate of the total factors productivity, and occasionally also in labour productivity, as early as the mid-seventies or the first part of the eighties. The correspondence of these dates with the oil crises of 1973 and 1979-1980 led one to suspect that energy was the explanation for this drop in productivity for developed economies. . With respect to the present high prices paid for oil, this article attempts to assess the scope of the impact of oil crises on global productivity basing itself on a neoclassical approach to production. This is the most relevant framework in this type of analysis. It reveals that, both through the distortions of demand for the factors of production, coming from substitutions initiated by the higher cost of energy, and through the lack of adjustment of capital stock, which may be attributed to the indirect effect of oil crises, the role played by energy is relatively moderate.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Charmant & Jean Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne & Norbert Ladoux, 1990. "Énergie et productivité : un lien assez lâche," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 237(1), pages 121-133.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_237_1_5506
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5506
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5506
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne & Norbert Ladoux, 1989. "Demande de facteurs et productivité dans le long terme : l'apport des fonctions à capital quasi-fixe," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 91(5), pages 43-56.
    2. Berndt, Ernst R & Wood, David O, 1986. "Energy Price Shocks and Productivity Growth in U.S. and UK Manufacturing," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 2(3), pages 1-31, Autumn.
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    1. Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne, 1990. "Chocs pétroliers et industrie : apports récents de l'économétrie de la production," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 96(5), pages 21-32.

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