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The involvement of non-governmental organisations in achieving health system goals based on the WHO six building blocks: A scoping review on global evidence

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  • Leila Doshmangir
  • Arman Sanadghol
  • Edris Kakemam
  • Reza Majdzadeh

Abstract

Background: Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have the potential to make a significant contribution to improving health system goals through the provision of resources, health services and community participation. Therefore, this paper examines the role of NGOs in achieving health system goals, based on the six building blocks of a health system framework, and identifies strategies to enhance NGO involvement in achieving health system goals. Methods: A scoping systematic review methodology was used to map and synthesise the existing literature on the topic, following the latest JBI six-stage framework. Four databases and one search engine including PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to January 2024. The results were synthesised using a directed content analysis approach, and the findings were categorised according to the dimensions of the six building blocks. Results: NGO involvement in health system goals can effectively address gaps in service delivery, strengthen the health workforce, improve health information systems, increase access to essential medicines, mobilise resources and promote good governance. In addition, six key strategies were identified, including joint planning, policy development, capacity building, resource allocation, developing collaboration, and improving the quality of health care, to enhance NGO participation in achieving health system goals. Conclusion: NGOs can play a critical role in achieving health system goals, alongside government and other key health stakeholders. Governments need to use evidence-based policies and interventions to support NGOs to realise their potential in achieving health system goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Leila Doshmangir & Arman Sanadghol & Edris Kakemam & Reza Majdzadeh, 2025. "The involvement of non-governmental organisations in achieving health system goals based on the WHO six building blocks: A scoping review on global evidence," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(1), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0315592
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315592
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Md Rubaiyath Sarwar, 2015. "Bangladesh Health Service Delivery: Innovative NGO and Private Sector Partnerships," IDS Bulletin, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 46(3), pages 17-28, May.
    2. Kate Gooding & James N Newell & Nick Emmel, 2018. "Capacity to conduct health research among NGOs in Malawi: Diverse strengths, needs and opportunities for development," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, July.
    3. Yoon Ah Shin & Jungwon Yeo & Kyujin Jung, 2018. "The Effectiveness of International Non-Governmental Organizations’ Response Operations during Public Health Emergency: Lessons Learned from the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in Sierra Leone," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Timothy Chrispinus Okech & Steve Ltumbesi Lelegwe, 2016. "Analysis of Universal Health Coverage and Equity on Health Care in Kenya," Global Journal of Health Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(7), pages 218-218, July.
    5. Emrah Atar & Farhad Hossain & A. K. M. Ahsan Ullah, 2023. "Syrian refugees in Turkey: exploring the role of I/NGOs in refugee crisis," Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(2), pages 231-245, February.
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