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Barriers to and enablers of the HIV services continuum among gay and bisexual men worldwide: Findings from the Global Men’s Health and Rights Study

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  • Sonya Arreola
  • Glenn-Milo Santos
  • Diego Solares
  • Johnny Tohme
  • George Ayala

Abstract

Objectives: To assess ecological, structural, community and individual level correlates of health services utilization along a continuum of HIV care, and sexual health and support services among gay and bisexual men worldwide. Methods: Using a nonprobability internet sample of 6,135 gay and bisexual men, we assessed correlates of utilization of health services. Chi-Square Tests of Independence were performed to assess drop off along a continuum of HIV care. Multivariable logistic regression analyses using generalized estimating equation models were conducted adjusting for geographic region and clustering by country. In multivariable analyses, we determined the association between utilization outcomes, and ecologic, structural, community and individual correlates by fitting separate generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression models for each of the outcomes, fitted with robust SEs, and accounting for clustering by country. Stratified by sexual identity, analyses adjusted for variables that could influence HIV-related health outcomes including racial/ethnic minority status, participant age, insurance, ability to make ends meet, as well as country-level income (income of country of residence defined by the World Bank). Results: Among men living with HIV (n = 1001), being in HIV care (n = 867) was associated with being on ART (X2 = 191.17, p

Suggested Citation

  • Sonya Arreola & Glenn-Milo Santos & Diego Solares & Johnny Tohme & George Ayala, 2023. "Barriers to and enablers of the HIV services continuum among gay and bisexual men worldwide: Findings from the Global Men’s Health and Rights Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(5), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0281578
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281578
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    2. Choi, K.-H. & Paul, J. & Ayala, G. & Boylan, R. & Gregorich, S.E., 2013. "Experiences of discrimination and their impact on the mental health among African American, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Latino men who have sex with men," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(5), pages 868-874.
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