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Enablers and barriers to effective diabetes self-management: A multi-national investigation

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  • Mary D Adu
  • Usman H Malabu
  • Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
  • Bunmi S Malau-Aduli

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to identify the common gaps in skills and self-efficacy for diabetes self-management and explore other factors which serve as enablers of, and barriers to, achieving optimal diabetes self-management. The information gathered could provide health professionals with valuable insights to achieving better health outcomes with self-management education and support for diabetes patients. Methods: International online survey and telephone interviews were conducted on adults who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The survey inquired about their skills and self-efficacy in diabetes self-management, while the interviews assessed other enablers of, and barriers to, diabetes self-management. Surveys were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Survey participants (N = 217) had type 1 diabetes (38.2%) or type 2 diabetes (61.8%), with a mean age of 44.56 SD 11.51 and were from 4 continents (Europe, Australia, Asia, America). Identified gaps in diabetes self-management skills included the ability to: recognize and manage the impact of stress on diabetes, exercise planning to avoid hypoglycemia and interpreting blood glucose pattern levels. Self-efficacy for healthy coping with stress and adjusting medications or food intake to reach ideal blood glucose levels were minimal. Sixteen participants were interviewed. Common enablers of diabetes self-management included: (i) the will to prevent the development of diabetes complications and (ii) the use of technological devices. Issues regarding: (i) frustration due to dynamic and chronic nature of diabetes (ii) financial constraints (iii) unrealistic expectations and (iv) work and environment-related factors limited patients’ effective self-management of diabetes. Conclusions: Educational reinforcement using technological devices such as mobile application has been highlighted as an enabler of diabetes self-management and it could be employed as an intervention to alleviate identified gaps in diabetes self-management. Furthermore, improved approaches that address financial burden, work and environment-related factors as well as diabetes distress are essential for enhancing diabetes self-management.

Suggested Citation

  • Mary D Adu & Usman H Malabu & Aduli E O Malau-Aduli & Bunmi S Malau-Aduli, 2019. "Enablers and barriers to effective diabetes self-management: A multi-national investigation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0217771
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217771
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sarah J Iribarren & Kenrick Cato & Louise Falzon & Patricia W Stone, 2017. "What is the economic evidence for mHealth? A systematic review of economic evaluations of mHealth solutions," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, February.
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    1. Oluwatoyin Abiola Lanre-Ogungbile & Christiana Olanrewaju Sowunmi & Jacob Kehinde Opele, 2020. "Self-Management Practices among Diabetic Women of Reproductive Age in a Tertiary Hospital, Osun State, Nigeria," Global Journal of Health Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(11), pages 73-82, October.
    2. Marcus Heise & Astrid Fink & Jens Baumert & Christin Heidemann & Yong Du & Thomas Frese & Solveig Carmienke, 2021. "Patterns and associated factors of diabetes self-management: Results of a latent class analysis in a German population-based study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-23, March.
    3. Agnieszka Pluta & Alicja Marzec & Edyta Kobus & Beata Sulikowska, 2022. "Main Aspects of Preparing Diabetic Patients in Poland for Self-Care," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-12, September.
    4. Halimatou Alaofè & Sarah Yeo & Abidemi Okechukwu & Priscilla Magrath & Waliou Amoussa Hounkpatin & John Ehiri & Cecilia Rosales, 2021. "Cultural Considerations for the Adaptation of a Diabetes Self-Management Education Program in Cotonou, Benin: Lessons Learned from a Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.

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