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Missing the vulnerable—Inequalities in social protection in 13 sub-Saharan African countries: Analysis of population-based surveys

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Listed:
  • David Chipanta
  • Silas Amo-Agyei
  • Lucas Hertzog
  • Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor
  • Michael Smith
  • Caitlin Mahoney
  • Juan Gonzalo Jaramillo Meija
  • Olivia Keiser
  • Janne Estill

Abstract

We assessed socioeconomic inequalities in social protection coverage among the public, men and women living with the human immunodeficiency virus (MLHIV, WLHIV), and adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). We used population-based data from Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We constructed concentration curves (CC) and computed concentration indices (CIX) for each country and population group. A CC represents the cumulative percentage of social protection coverage plotted on the y-axis against the cumulative proportion of the population—ranked by socioeconomic status from the poorest to the richest—on the x-axis. The CIX quantifies the concentration of social protection coverage among the poor or the rich. The sample size ranged from 10,197 in Eswatini to 29,577 in Tanzania. Social protection coverage among the public varied from 5.2% (95% Confidence Interval 4.5%–6.0%) in Ethiopia to 39.9% (37.0%–42.8%) in Eswatini. It ranged from 6.9% (5.7%–8.4%) MLHIV in Zambia to 45.0% (41.2–49.0) among WLHIV in Namibia. Among AGYW, it varied from 4.4% (3.6–5.3) in Ethiopia to 44.6% (40.8–48.5) in Eswatini. Socioeconomic inequalities in social protection coverage favored the poor in 11/13 countries surveyed. It favored the rich in Cameroon and was undefined in Côte d’Ivoire. The CIX in these 11 countries ranged from −0.080 (p = 0.002) among the public in Malawi to −0.372 (p

Suggested Citation

  • David Chipanta & Silas Amo-Agyei & Lucas Hertzog & Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor & Michael Smith & Caitlin Mahoney & Juan Gonzalo Jaramillo Meija & Olivia Keiser & Janne Estill, 2024. "Missing the vulnerable—Inequalities in social protection in 13 sub-Saharan African countries: Analysis of population-based surveys," PLOS Global Public Health, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(7), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pgph00:0002973
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002973
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Camila Perera & Shivit Bakrania & Alessandra Ipince & Zahrah Nesbitt‐Ahmed & Oluwaseun Obasola & Dominic Richardson & Jorinde Van de Scheur & Ruichuan Yu, 2022. "Impact of social protection on gender equality in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review of reviews," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(2), June.
    2. Sudhanshu Handa & Frank Otchere & Paul Sirma & the Evaluation Study Team, 2022. "More evidence on the impact of government social protection in sub‐Saharan Africa: Ghana, Malawi, and Zimbabwe," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 40(3), May.
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