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Drought Coping and Adaptation Strategies: Understanding Adaptations to Climate Change in Agro-pastoral Livestock Production in Makueni District, Kenya

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  • Chinwe Ifejika Speranza

    ([1] Centre for Training and Integrated Research for Arid and Semi-arid Lands Development (CETRAD), Nanyuki, Kenya[2] University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland[3] German Development Institute, Bonn, Germany.)

Abstract

Using drought as a lens, this article analyses how agro-pastoralists in Makueni district, Kenya adapt their livestock production to climate variability and change. Data were collected from a longitudinal survey of 127 agro-pastoral households. Approximately one-third of the households have inadequate feeds, and livestock diseases are major challenges during non-drought and drought periods. Agro-pastoralists’ responses to drought are reactive and mainly involve intensifying exploitation of resources and the commons. Proactive responses such as improving production resources are few. Poverty, limited responses to market dynamics and inadequate skills constrain adaptations. Many agro-pastoralists’ attachment to livestock deters livestock divestment, favouring disadvantageous sales that result in declining incomes. To improve adaptive capacity, interventions should expose agro-pastoralists to other forms of savings, incorporate agro-pastoralists as agents of change by building their capacity to provide extension services, and maintain infrastructure. Securing livestock mobility, pasture production and access is crucial under the variable social-ecological conditions.En se servant de la sécheresse comme point de départ, cet article analyse comment les agro-pastoralistes du district de Makueni au Kenya adaptent leurs moyens de subsistance à la variabilité et au changement climatiques. Il s′appuie sur des données issues d′une enquête longitudinale auprès de 127 ménages agro-pastoraux. Environ un tiers des ménages ont des animaux mal nourris, et l′état de santé du bétail est un problème majeur aussi bien en temps de sécheresse qu′en absence de sècheresse. Les actions adoptées par les éleveurs en réponse à la sécheresse sont réactives et consistent essentiellement en une intensification de l′exploitation des ressources et des biens communaux, et peu en des mesures pro-actives telles que l′amélioration des ressources de production. La pauvreté de ces populations, leurs réponses imparfaites aux dynamiques de marché et leur manque de compétences limitent leur capacité d′adaptation. Le fort attachement de nombreux éleveurs au bétail les empêche de se désengager de l′élevage; ceci mène à des ventes de bétail défavorables aux éleveurs et entraîne un déclin de leurs revenus. Afin d′améliorer leur capacité d′adaptation, des interventions devraient être entreprises pour exposer les agro-pastoralistes à d′autres formes d′épargne. En outre, la capacité des éleveurs à fournir des services de vulgarisation agricole et à maintenir les infrastructures doit être développée. Dans un contexte de variabilité socio-écologique, il est crucial d′assurer la mobilité du bétail, ainsi que la production de pâturages et leur accessibilité.

Suggested Citation

  • Chinwe Ifejika Speranza, 2010. "Drought Coping and Adaptation Strategies: Understanding Adaptations to Climate Change in Agro-pastoral Livestock Production in Makueni District, Kenya," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 22(5), pages 623-642, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:pal:eurjdr:v:22:y:2010:i:5:p:623-642
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Oluwabunmi Oluwaseun Popoola & Shehu Folaranmi Gbolahan Yusuf & Nomakhaya Monde, 2020. "Information Sources and Constraints to Climate Change Adaptation amongst Smallholder Farmers in Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-23, July.
    2. Philippe Delacote & Julia Girard & Antoine Leblois, 2019. "Agricultural households' adaptation to weather shocks in Sub-Saharan Africa: What implications for land-use change and deforestation," Working Papers 1902, Chaire Economie du climat.
    3. Kalpana Venkatasubramanian & Smita Ramnarain, 2018. "Gender and Adaptation to Climate Change: Perspectives from a Pastoral Community in Gujarat, India," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 49(6), pages 1580-1604, November.
    4. Current Masunungure & Sheona E. Shackleton, 2018. "Exploring Long-Term Livelihood and Landscape Change in Two Semi-Arid Sites in Southern Africa: Drivers and Consequences for Social–Ecological Vulnerability," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-23, April.
    5. Andrew M. Linke & Frank D. W. Witmer & John O’Loughlin, 2020. "Do people accurately report droughts? Comparison of instrument-measured and national survey data in Kenya," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 162(3), pages 1143-1160, October.
    6. Ng’ang’a, Stanley Karanja & Bulte, Erwin H. & Giller, Ken E. & Ndiwa, Nicholas N. & Kifugo, Shem C. & McIntire, John M. & Herrero, Mario & Rufino, Mariana C., 2016. "Livestock wealth and social capital as insurance against climate risk: A case study of Samburu County in Kenya," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 44-54.
    7. Chidiebere Ofoegbu & Mark George New & Kibet Staline, 2018. "The Effect of Inter-Organisational Collaboration Networks on Climate Knowledge Flows and Communication to Pastoralists in Kenya," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-23, November.
    8. Acosta, Alejandro & Nicolli, Francesco & Karfakis, Panagiotis, 2021. "Coping with climate shocks: The complex role of livestock portfolios," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).

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