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Spatial concentration of manufacturing industries in the United States: re-examination of long-run trends
[The driving forces of service localization during the twentieth century: Evidence from the United States]

Author

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  • Nicholas Crafts
  • Alexander Klein

Abstract

We re-examine the long-run geographical development of US manufacturing industries using recent advances in spatial concentration measures. We construct spatially weighted indices of the geographical concentration between 1880 and 2007 taking into account industrial structure and checkerboard problem. New results emerge. Average spatial concentration was much lower in the late 20th than in the late 19th century, and it was the outcome of a continuing reduction over time. Spatial concentration did not increase in the early 20th century but declined, and we find no inverted-U shape pattern of long-run spatial concentration. The persistent tendency to greater spatial dispersion was characteristic of most industries.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas Crafts & Alexander Klein, 2021. "Spatial concentration of manufacturing industries in the United States: re-examination of long-run trends [The driving forces of service localization during the twentieth century: Evidence from the," European Review of Economic History, European Historical Economics Society, vol. 25(2), pages 223-246.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ereveh:v:25:y:2021:i:2:p:223-246.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/ereh/heaa027
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    Cited by:

    1. Klein, Alexander & Crafts, Nicholas, 2023. "Unconditional Convergence in Manufacturing Productivity across U.S. States: What the Long-Run Data Show," CEPR Discussion Papers 18065, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Klein, Alexander, 2023. "From the Manufacturing Belt to the Rust Belt. Spatial Inequalities in the United States: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 657, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    3. Sugam Agarwal & Smruti Ranjan Behera, 2022. "Geographical concentration of knowledge and technology-intensive industries in India: empirical evidence from establishment-level analysis," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 513-552, December.

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