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Financial inclusion and nutrition among rural households in Rwanda

Author

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  • Ranjula Bali Swain
  • Aimable Nsabimana

Abstract

Using Rwandan Integrated Household Living Conditions surveys (2013/2014 and 2016/17), we investigate whether financial inclusion leads to improved nutrition in rural Rwanda. Our empirical evidence shows a robust positive impact of financial inclusion by formal financial institutions, although informal institutions like tontines were ineffective in improving food expenditure or nutrition. Furthermore, the heterogeneous marginal effects of financial inclusion reduce the gender gap between the food expenditure and nutrition of female- and male-headed households. The results, hence, suggest that the country should promote formal financial inclusion to provide wide-ranging welfare effects by improving food security, nutrition and food expenditure in its rural communities.

Suggested Citation

  • Ranjula Bali Swain & Aimable Nsabimana, 2024. "Financial inclusion and nutrition among rural households in Rwanda," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 51(2), pages 506-532.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:erevae:v:51:y:2024:i:2:p:506-532.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/erae/jbae007
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    Cited by:

    1. Johnen, Constantin & Mader, Anna & Nsengumuremyi, Albert & Mußhoff, Oliver, 2025. "Financial inclusion along the Rural-Urban Continuum: Empirical evidence from a decomposition analysis in Kenya between 2012 and 2021," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    2. Olayinka Idowu Kareem & Mayokun Akeremale & Christine Wieck & Theogene Dusingizimana & Olivier Kamana & Mizeck G. G. Chagunda, 2025. "Household decision dynamics and food insecurity: evidence from the one-cow-per-poor-family programme in Rwanda," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 5(9), pages 1-26, September.
    3. Prashasti Keshari & Awadhesh Kumar Tiwari, 2026. "Financial inclusion in rural region—a review and research agenda," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 1-25, December.
    4. Steve Douanla MELI & Salmata OUEDRAOGO & Aurélien Kamdem YEYOUOMO, 2026. "Financial inclusion in Cameroon: an analysis of individual behavior regarding access to formal and informal financial services," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 63, pages 69-95.

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