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Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation

Author

Listed:
  • Paola Scaffidi

    (DIBIT, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele)

  • Tom Misteli

    (NIH)

  • Marco E. Bianchi

    (Università Vita Salute San Raffaele)

Abstract

High mobility group 1 (HMGB1) protein is both a nuclear factor and a secreted protein. In the cell nucleus it acts as an architectural chromatin-binding factor that bends DNA and promotes protein assembly on specific DNA targets1,2. Outside the cell, it binds with high affinity to RAGE (the receptor for advanced glycation end products)3 and is a potent mediator of inflammation4,5,6. HMGB1 is secreted by activated monocytes and macrophages4, and is passively released by necrotic or damaged cells7,8,9. Here we report that Hmgb1-/- necrotic cells have a greatly reduced ability to promote inflammation, which proves that the release of HMGB1 can signal the demise of a cell to its neighbours. Apoptotic cells do not release HMGB1 even after undergoing secondary necrosis and partial autolysis, and thus fail to promote inflammation even if not cleared promptly by phagocytic cells. In apoptotic cells, HMGB1 is bound firmly to chromatin because of generalized underacetylation of histone and is released in the extracellular medium (promoting inflammation) if chromatin deacetylation is prevented. Thus, cells undergoing apoptosis are programmed to withhold the signal that is broadcast by cells that have been damaged or killed by trauma.

Suggested Citation

  • Paola Scaffidi & Tom Misteli & Marco E. Bianchi, 2002. "Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation," Nature, Nature, vol. 418(6894), pages 191-195, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:418:y:2002:i:6894:d:10.1038_nature00858
    DOI: 10.1038/nature00858
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    Cited by:

    1. Kuo-Tung Tang & Tsu-Yi Hsieh & Ya-Hsuan Chao & Meng-Xian Lin & Yi-Hsing Chen & Der-Yuan Chen & Chi-Chen Lin, 2017. "Plasma levels of high-mobility group box 1 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome patients," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Lu Zhang & Jianjun Han & Huiyong Wu & Xiaohong Liang & Jianxin Zhang & Jian Li & Li Xie & Yinfa Xie & Xiugui Sheng & Jinming Yu, 2014. "The Association of HMGB1 Expression with Clinicopathological Significance and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis and Literature Review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(10), pages 1-8, October.
    3. Malisa Vittoria Mantonico & Federica Leo & Giacomo Quilici & Liam Sean Colley & Francesco Marchis & Massimo Crippa & Rosanna Mezzapelle & Tim Schulte & Chiara Zucchelli & Chiara Pastorello & Camilla C, 2024. "The acidic intrinsically disordered region of the inflammatory mediator HMGB1 mediates fuzzy interactions with CXCL12," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
    4. Meihua Jin & Hiroki Shiwaku & Hikari Tanaka & Takayuki Obita & Sakurako Ohuchi & Yuki Yoshioka & Xiaocen Jin & Kanoh Kondo & Kyota Fujita & Hidenori Homma & Kazuyuki Nakajima & Mineyuki Mizuguchi & Hi, 2021. "Tau activates microglia via the PQBP1-cGAS-STING pathway to promote brain inflammation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-22, December.
    5. Wan-Ru Zhuang & Yunfeng Wang & Weidong Nie & Yao Lei & Chao Liang & Jiaqi He & Liping Zuo & Li-Li Huang & Hai-Yan Xie, 2023. "Bacterial outer membrane vesicle based versatile nanosystem boosts the efferocytosis blockade triggered tumor-specific immunity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.

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