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Induced and natural variation of promoter length modulates the photoperiodic response of FLOWERING LOCUS T

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  • Liangyu Liu

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
    Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Jessika Adrian

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
    Present address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA)

  • Artem Pankin

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research)

  • Jinyong Hu

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linne Weg 10)

  • Xue Dong

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research)

  • Maria von Korff

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
    Institute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences “From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules”)

  • Franziska Turck

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research)

Abstract

FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) regulates the floral transition in many plant species by integrating environmental seasonal signals and internal cues. Here we show that two interdependent regulatory regions are necessary and sufficient to convey photoperiod responsiveness to FT. While a minimal distance between the regulatory regions is required to fully suppress FT expression under short days, increased distance reduces promoter response to long days. Natural variation at FT creating promoter length differences is widespread, correlates with longitudinal and latitudinal clines and affects a promoter region physically interacting with both photoperiod control regions. Three major FT promoter variants correlate with differences in FT allele usage in F1 hybrids. We propose that FT variation in cis could be adaptive by conferring differences in FT transcriptional control ultimately translating to increased fitness.

Suggested Citation

  • Liangyu Liu & Jessika Adrian & Artem Pankin & Jinyong Hu & Xue Dong & Maria von Korff & Franziska Turck, 2014. "Induced and natural variation of promoter length modulates the photoperiodic response of FLOWERING LOCUS T," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms5558
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5558
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