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Spatial control of defect creation in graphene at the nanoscale

Author

Listed:
  • Alex W. Robertson

    (University of Oxford)

  • Christopher S. Allen

    (University of Oxford)

  • Yimin A. Wu

    (University of Oxford)

  • Kuang He

    (University of Oxford)

  • Jaco Olivier

    (Centre for HRTEM, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University)

  • Jan Neethling

    (Centre for HRTEM, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University)

  • Angus I. Kirkland

    (University of Oxford)

  • Jamie H. Warner

    (University of Oxford)

Abstract

Defects in graphene alter its electrical, chemical, magnetic and mechanical properties. The intentional creation of defects in graphene offers a means for engineering its properties. Techniques such as ion irradiation intentionally induce atomic defects in graphene, for example, divacancies, but these defects are randomly scattered over large distances. Control of defect formation with nanoscale precision remains a significant challenge. Here we show control over both the location and average complexity of defect formation in graphene by tailoring its exposure to a focussed electron beam. Divacancies and larger disordered structures are produced within a 10 × 10 nm2 region of graphene and imaged after creation using an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. Some of the created defects were stable, whereas others relaxed to simpler structures through bond rotations and surface adatom incorporation. These results are important for the utilization of atomic defects in graphene-based research.

Suggested Citation

  • Alex W. Robertson & Christopher S. Allen & Yimin A. Wu & Kuang He & Jaco Olivier & Jan Neethling & Angus I. Kirkland & Jamie H. Warner, 2012. "Spatial control of defect creation in graphene at the nanoscale," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 1-7, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:3:y:2012:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms2141
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2141
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    Cited by:

    1. Yeonghun Lee & Yaoqiao Hu & Xiuyao Lang & Dongwook Kim & Kejun Li & Yuan Ping & Kai-Mei C. Fu & Kyeongjae Cho, 2022. "Spin-defect qubits in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides operating at telecom wavelengths," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Zhenzhe Zhang & Hanh D. M. Pham & Dmytro F. Perepichka & Rustam Z. Khaliullin, 2024. "Prediction of highly stable 2D carbon allotropes based on azulenoid kekulene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. P. Z. Sun & M. Yagmurcukardes & R. Zhang & W. J. Kuang & M. Lozada-Hidalgo & B. L. Liu & H.-M. Cheng & F. C. Wang & F. M. Peeters & I. V. Grigorieva & A. K. Geim, 2021. "Exponentially selective molecular sieving through angstrom pores," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.

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