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Scattering approach to diffusion quantifies axonal damage in brain injury

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Abdollahzadeh

    (New York University School of Medicine
    University of Eastern Finland)

  • Ricardo Coronado-Leija

    (New York University School of Medicine)

  • Hong-Hsi Lee

    (Harvard Medical School)

  • Alejandra Sierra

    (University of Eastern Finland)

  • Els Fieremans

    (New York University School of Medicine)

  • Dmitry S. Novikov

    (New York University School of Medicine)

Abstract

Early diagnosis and noninvasive monitoring of neurological disorders require sensitivity to elusive cellular-level alterations that occur much earlier than volumetric changes observable with the millimeter-resolution of medical imaging modalities. Morphological changes in axons, such as axonal varicosities or beadings, are observed in neurological disorders, as well as in development and aging. Here, we reveal the sensitivity of time-dependent diffusion MRI (dMRI) to the structurally disordered axonal morphology at the micrometer scale. Scattering theory uncovers the two parameters that determine the diffusive dynamics of water along axons: the average reciprocal cross-section and the variance of long-range cross-sectional fluctuations. This theoretical development allows us to predict dMRI metrics sensitive to axonal alterations over tens of thousands of axons in seconds rather than months of simulations in a male rat model of traumatic brain injury, and is corroborated with ex vivo dMRI. Our approach bridges the gap between micrometers and millimeters in resolution, offering quantitative and objective biomarkers applicable to a broad spectrum of neurological disorders.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Abdollahzadeh & Ricardo Coronado-Leija & Hong-Hsi Lee & Alejandra Sierra & Els Fieremans & Dmitry S. Novikov, 2025. "Scattering approach to diffusion quantifies axonal damage in brain injury," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-64793-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64793-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. repec:plo:pbio00:0020329 is not listed on IDEAS
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