IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v16y2025i1d10.1038_s41467-025-62778-8.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Building a Synthetic Cell Together

Author

Listed:
  • S. Giaveri

    (Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology
    Ri.MED Foundation)

  • Z. Abil

    (University of Florida)

  • S. Kohyama

    (The University of Tokyo)

  • M. Fu

    (Institute of synthetic biology)

  • A. Levrier

    (University of Minnesota
    Sorbonne Université)

  • K. Adamala

    (University of Minnesota)

  • W. Chinantuya

    (Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
    Mahidol University)

  • C. Dekker

    (Delft University of Technology)

  • N. Deng

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering)

  • J. Fredens

    (National University of Singapore)

  • K. Hagino

    (The University of Tokyo
    University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • K. Jahnke

    (Harvard University)

  • X. Li

    (Institute of synthetic biology)

  • A. B. Lindner

    (Sorbonne Université)

  • C. Liu

    (Institute of synthetic biology)

  • S. Majumder

    (The University of Washington)

  • V. Noireaux

    (University of Minnesota)

  • P. Schwille

    (Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry)

  • I. N. Westensee

    (Queensland University of Technology
    Aarhus University)

Abstract

Synthetic cells (SynCells) are artificial constructs designed to mimic cellular functions, offering insights into fundamental biology, as well as promising impact in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and bioengineering. Achieving a functional SynCell from the bottom up, i.e. by assembling it from molecular components, requires a global collaboration to overcome the many challenges of engineering and assembling life-like modules while addressing biosafety, equity, and ethical concerns in order to guide responsible innovation. Here, we highlight major scientific hurdles, such as the integration of functional modules by ensuring compatibility across diverse synthetic subsystems, and we propose strategies to advance the field.

Suggested Citation

  • S. Giaveri & Z. Abil & S. Kohyama & M. Fu & A. Levrier & K. Adamala & W. Chinantuya & C. Dekker & N. Deng & J. Fredens & K. Hagino & K. Jahnke & X. Li & A. B. Lindner & C. Liu & S. Majumder & V. Noire, 2025. "Building a Synthetic Cell Together," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-6, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-62778-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62778-8
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-62778-8
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-025-62778-8?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shubin Li & Yingming Zhao & Shuqi Wu & Xiangxiang Zhang & Boyu Yang & Liangfei Tian & Xiaojun Han, 2023. "Regulation of species metabolism in synthetic community systems by environmental pH oscillations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Bastiaan C. Buddingh’ & Janneke Elzinga & Jan C. M. van Hest, 2020. "Intercellular communication between artificial cells by allosteric amplification of a molecular signal," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Thomas Litschel & Charlotte F. Kelley & Danielle Holz & Maral Adeli Koudehi & Sven K. Vogel & Laura Burbaum & Naoko Mizuno & Dimitrios Vavylonis & Petra Schwille, 2021. "Reconstitution of contractile actomyosin rings in vesicles," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Shunshi Kohyama & Adrián Merino-Salomón & Petra Schwille, 2022. "In vitro assembly, positioning and contraction of a division ring in minimal cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Fanjun Li & Amogh Kumar Baranwal & Sebastian J. Maerkl, 2025. "Continuous in situ synthesis of a complete set of tRNAs sustains steady-state translation in a recombinant cell-free system," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Jaimie Marie Stewart & Shiyi Li & Anli A. Tang & Melissa Ann Klocke & Martin Vincent Gobry & Giacomo Fabrini & Lorenzo Michele & Paul W. K. Rothemund & Elisa Franco, 2024. "Modular RNA motifs for orthogonal phase separated compartments," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    7. Zhanar Abil & Ana María Restrepo Sierra & Andreea R. Stan & Amélie Châne & Alicia Prado & Miguel Vega & Yannick Rondelez & Christophe Danelon, 2024. "Darwinian Evolution of Self-Replicating DNA in a Synthetic Protocell," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    8. Kerr Ding & Michael Chin & Yunlong Zhao & Wei Huang & Binh Khanh Mai & Huanan Wang & Peng Liu & Yang Yang & Yunan Luo, 2024. "Machine learning-guided co-optimization of fitness and diversity facilitates combinatorial library design in enzyme engineering," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    9. Henrike Niederholtmeyer & Cynthia Chaggan & Neal K. Devaraj, 2018. "Communication and quorum sensing in non-living mimics of eukaryotic cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-8, December.
    10. Barbora Lavickova & Nadanai Laohakunakorn & Sebastian J. Maerkl, 2020. "A partially self-regenerating synthetic cell," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
    11. Casper A. Goverde & Martin Pacesa & Nicolas Goldbach & Lars J. Dornfeld & Petra E. M. Balbi & Sandrine Georgeon & Stéphane Rosset & Srajan Kapoor & Jagrity Choudhury & Justas Dauparas & Christian Sche, 2024. "Computational design of soluble and functional membrane protein analogues," Nature, Nature, vol. 631(8020), pages 449-458, July.
    12. Yuishin Kosaka & Yumi Miyawaki & Megumi Mori & Shunsuke Aburaya & Chisato Nishizawa & Takeshi Chujo & Tatsuya Niwa & Takumi Miyazaki & Takashi Sugita & Mao Fukuyama & Hideki Taguchi & Kazuhito Tomizaw, 2025. "Autonomous ribosome biogenesis in vitro," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ryota Miyachi & Keiko Masuda & Yoshihiro Shimizu & Norikazu Ichihashi, 2025. "Simultaneous in vitro expression of minimal 21 transfer RNAs by tRNA array method," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. María Reverte-López & Nishu Kanwa & Yusuf Qutbuddin & Viktoriia Belousova & Marion Jasnin & Petra Schwille, 2024. "Self-organized spatial targeting of contractile actomyosin rings for synthetic cell division," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Aravind Chandrasekaran & Kristin Graham & Jeanne C. Stachowiak & Padmini Rangamani, 2024. "Kinetic trapping organizes actin filaments within liquid-like protein droplets," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Lukas Aufinger & Johann Brenner & Friedrich C. Simmel, 2022. "Complex dynamics in a synchronized cell-free genetic clock," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Miao Xie & Weixiang Chen & Maria Vonk-de Roy & Andreas Walther, 2025. "Constructing synthetic nuclear architectures via transcriptional condensates in a DNA protonucleus," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Ferdinand Greiss & Nicolas Lardon & Leonie Schütz & Yoav Barak & Shirley S. Daube & Elmar Weinhold & Vincent Noireaux & Roy Bar-Ziv, 2024. "A genetic circuit on a single DNA molecule as an autonomous dissipative nanodevice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Ryota Sakamoto & Michael P. Murrell, 2024. "Mechanical power is maximized during contractile ring-like formation in a biomimetic dividing cell model," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    8. Yoshihiro Minagawa & Moe Yabuta & Masayuki Su’etsugu & Hiroyuki Noji, 2025. "Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reaction," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    9. Kanji Tomohara & Yoshihiro Minagawa & Hiroyuki Noji, 2025. "Artificial cells with all-aqueous droplet-in-droplet structures for spatially separated transcription and translation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    10. Han Gao & Feifei Guan & Boyu Luo & Dongdong Zhang & Wei Liu & Yuying Shen & Lingxi Fan & Guoshun Xu & Yuan Wang & Tao Tu & Ningfeng Wu & Bin Yao & Huiying Luo & Yue Teng & Jian Tian & Huoqing Huang, 2025. "DLFea4AMPGen de novo design of antimicrobial peptides by integrating features learned from deep learning models," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14, December.
    11. Neilah Firzan CA & Kalyanashis Jana & Sreelakshmi Radhakrishnan & Rifat Aara & Mubeena S & Radhika Nair & Harsha Bajaj & Ulrich Kleinekathöfer & Kozhinjampara R. Mahendran, 2025. "Fabrication of cytotoxic mirror image nanopores," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, December.
    12. Alexander E. Vlahos & Jeewoo Kang & Carlos A. Aldrete & Ronghui Zhu & Lucy S. Chong & Michael B. Elowitz & Xiaojing J. Gao, 2022. "Protease-controlled secretion and display of intercellular signals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    13. Giuseppe Negro & Louise C. Head & Livio N. Carenza & Tyler N. Shendruk & Davide Marenduzzo & Giuseppe Gonnella & Adriano Tiribocchi, 2025. "Topology controls flow patterns in active double emulsions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    14. Ze-Rui Zhou & Man-Sha Wu & Zhenglin Yang & Yuting Wu & Weijie Guo & Da-Wei Li & Ruo-Can Qian & Yi Lu, 2025. "Synthetic transmembrane DNA receptors enable engineered sensing and actuation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, December.
    15. Nishkantha Arulkumaran & Mervyn Singer & Stefan Howorka & Jonathan R. Burns, 2023. "Creating complex protocells and prototissues using simple DNA building blocks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    16. Shubin Li & Yingming Zhao & Shuqi Wu & Xiangxiang Zhang & Boyu Yang & Liangfei Tian & Xiaojun Han, 2023. "Regulation of species metabolism in synthetic community systems by environmental pH oscillations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    17. Jingjing Zhao & Xiaojun Han, 2024. "Investigation of artificial cells containing the Par system for bacterial plasmid segregation and inheritance mimicry," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    18. Akshay J. Maheshwari & Jonathan Calles & Sean K. Waterton & Drew Endy, 2023. "Engineering tRNA abundances for synthetic cellular systems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    19. Songyang Liu & Yanwen Zhang & Xiaoxiao He & Mei Li & Jin Huang & Xiaohai Yang & Kemin Wang & Stephen Mann & Jianbo Liu, 2022. "Signal processing and generation of bioactive nitric oxide in a model prototissue," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    20. Fanjun Li & Amogh Kumar Baranwal & Sebastian J. Maerkl, 2025. "Continuous in situ synthesis of a complete set of tRNAs sustains steady-state translation in a recombinant cell-free system," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-62778-8. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.