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A multisynaptic spiking neuron for simultaneously encoding spatiotemporal dynamics

Author

Listed:
  • Liangwei Fan

    (National University of Defense Technology)

  • Hui Shen

    (National University of Defense Technology)

  • Xiangkai Lian

    (National University of Defense Technology)

  • Yulin Li

    (National University of Defense Technology)

  • Man Yao

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    State Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology)

  • Guoqi Li

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    State Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology)

  • Dewen Hu

    (National University of Defense Technology)

Abstract

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are biologically more plausible and computationally more powerful than artificial neural networks due to their intrinsic temporal dynamics. However, vanilla spiking neurons struggle to simultaneously encode spatiotemporal dynamics of inputs. Inspired by biological multisynaptic connections, we propose the Multi-Synaptic Firing (MSF) neuron, where an axon can establish multiple synapses with different thresholds on a postsynaptic neuron. MSF neurons jointly encode spatial intensity via firing rates and temporal dynamics via spike timing, and generalize Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) and ReLU neurons as special cases. We derive optimal threshold selection and parameter optimization criteria for surrogate gradients, enabling scalable deep MSF-based SNNs without performance degradation. Extensive experiments across various benchmarks show that MSF neurons significantly outperform LIF neurons in accuracy while preserving low power, low latency, and high execution efficiency, and surpass ReLU neurons in event-driven tasks. Overall, this work advances neuromorphic computing toward real-world spatiotemporal applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Liangwei Fan & Hui Shen & Xiangkai Lian & Yulin Li & Man Yao & Guoqi Li & Dewen Hu, 2025. "A multisynaptic spiking neuron for simultaneously encoding spatiotemporal dynamics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-18, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-62251-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62251-6
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