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Efficacy of baloxavir marboxil against bovine H5N1 virus in mice

Author

Listed:
  • Maki Kiso

    (University of Tokyo)

  • Ryuta Uraki

    (University of Tokyo
    National Institute of Global Health and Medicine, Japan Institute for Health Security
    University of Tokyo)

  • Seiya Yamayoshi

    (University of Tokyo
    National Institute of Global Health and Medicine, Japan Institute for Health Security
    University of Tokyo)

  • Yoshihiro Kawaoka

    (University of Tokyo
    National Institute of Global Health and Medicine, Japan Institute for Health Security
    University of Tokyo
    University of Wisconsin-)

Abstract

Since the first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in U.S. dairy cattle in early 2024, the virus has spread rapidly, posing a major public health concern as the number of human cases continues to rise. Although human-to-human transmission has not been confirmed, experimental data suggest that the bovine H5N1 virus can transmit via respiratory droplets in ferrets, highlighting its pandemic potential. With no vaccines currently available, antiviral drugs remain the only treatment option. Here, we investigate the efficacy of the polymerase inhibitor baloxavir marboxil (BXM) against this virus in mice. We find that early treatment post-infection is effective, but delayed treatment significantly reduces BXM efficacy and increases the risk of BXM resistance, underscoring the importance of timely BXM administration for effective treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Maki Kiso & Ryuta Uraki & Seiya Yamayoshi & Yoshihiro Kawaoka, 2025. "Efficacy of baloxavir marboxil against bovine H5N1 virus in mice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-5, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-60791-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60791-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Amie J. Eisfeld & Asim Biswas & Lizheng Guan & Chunyang Gu & Tadashi Maemura & Sanja Trifkovic & Tong Wang & Lavanya Babujee & Randall Dahn & Peter J. Halfmann & Tera Barnhardt & Gabriele Neumann & Ya, 2024. "Pathogenicity and transmissibility of bovine H5N1 influenza virus," Nature, Nature, vol. 633(8029), pages 426-432, September.
    2. Chunyang Gu & Tadashi Maemura & Lizheng Guan & Amie J. Eisfeld & Asim Biswas & Maki Kiso & Ryuta Uraki & Mutsumi Ito & Sanja Trifkovic & Tong Wang & Lavanya Babujee & Robert Presler & Randall Dahn & Y, 2024. "A human isolate of bovine H5N1 is transmissible and lethal in animal models," Nature, Nature, vol. 636(8043), pages 711-718, December.
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