IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v16y2025i1d10.1038_s41467-025-60407-y.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype B3.13 is highly virulent for mice, rapidly causing acute pulmonary and neurologic disease

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas Tipih

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Vignesh Mariappan

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Kwe C. Yinda

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Kimberly Meade-White

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Matthew Lewis

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Atsushi Okumura

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Natalie McCarthy

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Ekaterina Altynova

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Shanna S. Leventhal

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Trenton Bushmaker

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Chad S. Clancy

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Emmie Wit

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Vincent J. Munster

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Heinz Feldmann

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Kyle Rosenke

    (National Institutes of Health)

Abstract

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, responsible for the current outbreak in dairy cows in the United States, pose a significant animal and public health threat. In this study, we compare disease progression and pathology of three recent clade 2.3.4.4b isolates derived from a cow, a mountain lion, and a mink to a human HPAI A(H5N1) isolate from Vietnam in mice. Inoculating C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice with all four HPAI A(H5N1) isolates results in comparable levels of virus replication in the lung inducing significant local pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and severe respiratory disease. Infecting C57BL/6J mice with the bovine isolate yields high viral titers in the brain, a significant pro-inflammatory cytokine response and neurologic disease. Our findings suggest the recent bovine isolate possesses enhanced neuroinvasive/neurovirulent disease causing fatal respiratory and neurologic disease in C57BL/6J mice.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Tipih & Vignesh Mariappan & Kwe C. Yinda & Kimberly Meade-White & Matthew Lewis & Atsushi Okumura & Natalie McCarthy & Ekaterina Altynova & Shanna S. Leventhal & Trenton Bushmaker & Chad S. Cla, 2025. "Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype B3.13 is highly virulent for mice, rapidly causing acute pulmonary and neurologic disease," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-60407-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60407-y
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-60407-y
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-025-60407-y?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marcela M. Uhart & Ralph E. T. Vanstreels & Martha I. Nelson & Valeria Olivera & Julieta Campagna & Victoria Zavattieri & Philippe Lemey & Claudio Campagna & Valeria Falabella & Agustina Rimondi, 2024. "Epidemiological data of an influenza A/H5N1 outbreak in elephant seals in Argentina indicates mammal-to-mammal transmission," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Amie J. Eisfeld & Asim Biswas & Lizheng Guan & Chunyang Gu & Tadashi Maemura & Sanja Trifkovic & Tong Wang & Lavanya Babujee & Randall Dahn & Peter J. Halfmann & Tera Barnhardt & Gabriele Neumann & Ya, 2024. "Pathogenicity and transmissibility of bovine H5N1 influenza virus," Nature, Nature, vol. 633(8029), pages 426-432, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marcela M. Uhart & Ralph E. T. Vanstreels & Martha I. Nelson & Valeria Olivera & Julieta Campagna & Victoria Zavattieri & Philippe Lemey & Claudio Campagna & Valeria Falabella & Agustina Rimondi, 2024. "Epidemiological data of an influenza A/H5N1 outbreak in elephant seals in Argentina indicates mammal-to-mammal transmission," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Qian Niu & Zhiwen Jiang & Lifang Wang & Xiang Ji & Guy Baele & Ying Qin & Liyan Lin & Alexander Lai & Ye Chen & Michael Veit & Shuo Su, 2025. "Prevention and control of avian influenza virus: Recent advances in diagnostic technologies and surveillance strategies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-7, December.
    3. Xiande Huang & Dan Yu & Ling Pan & Xi Wu & Jun Li & Dayan Wang & Liqi Liu & Chenyan Zhao & Weijin Huang, 2025. "Increase in H5N1 vaccine antibodies confers cross-neutralization of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-7, December.
    4. Ying Liu & Shaofeng Deng & Shuang Ren & Rachel Chun-Yee Tam & Siwen Liu & Anna Jinxia Zhang & Kelvin Kai-Wang To & Kwok-Yung Yuen & Honglin Chen & Pui Wang, 2025. "Intranasal influenza virus-vectored vaccine offers protection against clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 infection in small animal models," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    5. Marina R. Good & Monica L. Fernández-Quintero & Wei Ji & Alesandra J. Rodriguez & Julianna Han & Andrew B. Ward & Jenna J. Guthmiller, 2024. "A single mutation in dairy cow-associated H5N1 viruses increases receptor binding breadth," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Maki Kiso & Ryuta Uraki & Seiya Yamayoshi & Yoshihiro Kawaoka, 2025. "Efficacy of baloxavir marboxil against bovine H5N1 virus in mice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-5, December.
    7. Jenna Schafers & Caroline J. Warren & Jiayun Yang & Junsen Zhang & Sarah J. Cole & Jayne Cooper & Karolina Drewek & B. Reddy Kolli & Natalie McGinn & Mehnaz Qureshi & Scott M. Reid & Thomas P. Peacock, 2025. "Pasteurisation temperatures effectively inactivate influenza A viruses in milk," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-9, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-60407-y. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.