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Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022

Author

Listed:
  • Marta Pineda-Moncusí

    (University of Oxford)

  • Freya Allery

    (NW1 2DA. University College London
    University College London)

  • Hoda Abbasizanjani

    (Swansea University)

  • David Powell

    (Swansea University)

  • Albert Prats-Uribe

    (University of Oxford)

  • Johan H. Thygesen

    (NW1 2DA. University College London)

  • Angela Wood

    (University of Cambridge
    Health Data Research UK)

  • Christopher Tomlinson

    (NW1 2DA. University College London)

  • Amitava Banerjee

    (NW1 2DA. University College London)

  • Ashley Akbari

    (Swansea University)

  • Antonella Delmestri

    (University of Oxford)

  • Laura C. Coates

    (University of Oxford)

  • Spiros Denaxas

    (NW1 2DA. University College London
    Health Data Research UK)

  • Kamlesh Khunti

    (University of Leicester)

  • Gary Collins

    (University of Oxford)

  • Daniel Prieto-Alhambra

    (University of Oxford
    Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam)

  • Sara Khalid

    (University of Oxford)

Abstract

An increased risk of COVID-19 mortality risk among certain ethnic groups is well-reported, however data on ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) are lacking. We estimated age-standardised incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios for 28-day mortality and 30-day CVD by sex for individual ethnicity groups from England and Wales, using linked health and administrative data. We studied 6-level census-based ethnicity group classification, 10-level classification (only for Wales), and 19-level classification as well as any ethnicity sub-groups comprising >1000 individuals each (only for England). COVID-19 28-day mortality and 30-day CVD risk was increased in most non-White ethnic groups in England, and Asian population in Wales, between 23rd January 2020 and 1st April 2022. English data show mortality decreased during the Omicron variant’s dominance, whilst CVD risk [95% confidence interval] remained elevated for certain ethnic groups when compared to White populations (January-April 2022): by 120% [28-280%] in White and Asian men and 58% [32-90%] in Pakistan men, as compared to White British men; and by 75% [13-172%] in Bangladeshi women, 55% [19-102%] in Caribbean women, and 82% [31-153%] in Any Other Ethnic Group women, as compared to White British women. Ethnically diverse populations in the UK remained disproportionately affected by CVD throughout and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Marta Pineda-Moncusí & Freya Allery & Hoda Abbasizanjani & David Powell & Albert Prats-Uribe & Johan H. Thygesen & Angela Wood & Christopher Tomlinson & Amitava Banerjee & Ashley Akbari & Antonella De, 2025. "Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-59951-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59951-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Danielsen, Ann Caroline & Lee, Katharine MN & Boulicault, Marion & Rushovich, Tamara & Gompers, Annika & Tarrant, Amelia & Reiches, Meredith & Shattuck-Heidorn, Heather & Miratrix, Luke W. & Richardso, 2022. "Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States: Quantifying and contextualizing variation," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
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