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Pacific sub-decadal sea surface temperature variations contributed to recent Antarctic Sea ice decline trend

Author

Listed:
  • Qigang Wu

    (Fudan University
    Fudan University)

  • Yejian Ma

    (Fudan University)

  • Aixue Hu

    (National Center for Atmospheric Research)

  • Nan Rosenbloom

    (National Center for Atmospheric Research)

  • Lei Zhang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Heng Liu

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Shizuo Liu

    (Duke University)

  • Luping Yang

    (China Meteorological Administration Training Centre Hunan Branch)

  • Chang Yang

    (Fudan University)

Abstract

Total sea ice extent (SIE) across the Southern Ocean increased from 1979-2014, but declined rapidly after 2016. Significant sea ice decline has emerged since the peak of SIE in 2014, coincident with Pacific sub-decadal sea surface temperature (SST) trends resembling a strong La Niña-like cold condition and the negative phase of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO). Previous studies suggest that the warm subsurface Southern Ocean was an important driver of the low sea ice in spring 2016 and the sustained low sea ice state since. Here we show that the observed atmospheric circulation changes near Antarctica during the period from June 2013-May 2023 are conducive to increasing surface temperature via warm advection from north and reducing Antarctic SIE, involving a deepening of the Amundsen Sea Low and anomalous high pressures over the Weddell Sea and West Pacific sectors. Through coupled pacemaker experiments, we demonstrate that Pacific sub-decadal SST trends have dominantly driven these atmospheric circulation changes through tropical–polar teleconnections and also induced significant Southern Ocean subsurface warming in the recent decade. The consequent decreasing SIE has enhanced the Southern Ocean subsurface warming effect and significantly contributed to the rapid Antarctic SIE decline.

Suggested Citation

  • Qigang Wu & Yejian Ma & Aixue Hu & Nan Rosenbloom & Lei Zhang & Heng Liu & Shizuo Liu & Luping Yang & Chang Yang, 2025. "Pacific sub-decadal sea surface temperature variations contributed to recent Antarctic Sea ice decline trend," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-58788-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58788-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ben Bronselaer & Michael Winton & Stephen M. Griffies & William J. Hurlin & Keith B. Rodgers & Olga V. Sergienko & Ronald J. Stouffer & Joellen L. Russell, 2018. "Change in future climate due to Antarctic meltwater," Nature, Nature, vol. 564(7734), pages 53-58, December.
    2. Liping Zhang & Thomas L. Delworth & William Cooke & Xiaosong Yang, 2019. "Natural variability of Southern Ocean convection as a driver of observed climate trends," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 59-65, January.
    3. Xichen Li & David M. Holland & Edwin P. Gerber & Changhyun Yoo, 2014. "Impacts of the north and tropical Atlantic Ocean on the Antarctic Peninsula and sea ice," Nature, Nature, vol. 505(7484), pages 538-542, January.
    4. Eui-Seok Chung & Seong-Joong Kim & Axel Timmermann & Kyung-Ja Ha & Sang-Ki Lee & Malte F. Stuecker & Keith B. Rodgers & Sun-Seon Lee & Lei Huang, 2022. "Antarctic sea-ice expansion and Southern Ocean cooling linked to tropical variability," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 12(5), pages 461-468, May.
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