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Longitudinal single cell profiling of epitope specific memory CD4+ T cell responses to recombinant zoster vaccine

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaomin Wen

    (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason
    AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals)

  • Alex K. Hu

    (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason)

  • Scott R. Presnell

    (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason)

  • Emily S. Ford

    (University of Washington School of Medicine
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center)

  • David M. Koelle

    (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason
    University of Washington School of Medicine
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
    University of Washington)

  • William W. Kwok

    (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason
    University of Washington School of Medicine)

Abstract

Vaccination leads to rapid expansion of antigen-specific T cells within in the first few days. However, understanding of transcriptomic changes and fates of antigen-specific T cells upon vaccination remains limited. Here, we investigate the fate of memory CD4+ T cells upon reactivation to recombinant zoster vaccine for shingles at cellular and transcriptional levels. We show that glycoprotein E-specific memory CD4+ T cells respond strongly, their frequencies remain high, and they retain markers of cell activation one year following vaccination. Memory T cells with the most dominant TCR clonotype pre-vaccination remain prevalent at year one post-vaccination. These data implicate a major role for pre-existing memory T cells in perpetuating immune repertoires upon re-encountering cognate antigens. Differential gene expression indicates that cells post-vaccination are distinct from cells at baseline, suggesting committed memory T cells display transcriptional changes upon vaccination that could alter their responses against cognate immunogens.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaomin Wen & Alex K. Hu & Scott R. Presnell & Emily S. Ford & David M. Koelle & William W. Kwok, 2025. "Longitudinal single cell profiling of epitope specific memory CD4+ T cell responses to recombinant zoster vaccine," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-57562-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57562-7
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