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In situ-formed tetrahedrally coordinated double-helical metal complexes for improved coordination-activated n-doping

Author

Listed:
  • Ziyang Liu

    (Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University)

  • Xiao Li

    (Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University)

  • Yang Lu

    (Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University)

  • Chen Zhang

    (Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University)

  • Yuewei Zhang

    (Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
    Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University)

  • Tianyu Huang

    (Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University)

  • Dongdong Zhang

    (Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
    Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University)

  • Lian Duan

    (Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
    Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University)

Abstract

In situ coordination-activated n-doping by air-stable metals in electron-transport organic ligands has proven to be a viable method to achieve Ohmic electron injection for organic optoelectronics. However, the mutual exclusion of ligands with high nucleophilic quality and strong electron affinity limits the injection efficiency. Here, we propose meta-linkage diphenanthroline-type ligands, which not only possess high electron affinity and good electron transport ability but also favour the formation of tetrahedrally coordinated double-helical metal complexes to decrease the ionization energy of air-stable metals. An electron injection layer (EIL) compatible with various cathodes and electron transport materials is developed with silver as an n-dopant, and the injection efficiency outperforms conventional EILs such as lithium compounds. A deep-blue organic light-emitting diode with an optimized EIL achieves a high current efficiency calibrated by the y colour coordinate (0.045) of 237 cd A−1 and a superb LT95 of 104.1 h at 5000 cd m−2.

Suggested Citation

  • Ziyang Liu & Xiao Li & Yang Lu & Chen Zhang & Yuewei Zhang & Tianyu Huang & Dongdong Zhang & Lian Duan, 2022. "In situ-formed tetrahedrally coordinated double-helical metal complexes for improved coordination-activated n-doping," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-28921-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28921-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhengyang Bin & Guifang Dong & Pengcheng Wei & Ziyang Liu & Dongdong Zhang & Rongchuan Su & Yong Qiu & Lian Duan, 2019. "Making silver a stronger n-dopant than cesium via in situ coordination reaction for organic electronics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Cindy G. Tang & Mervin C. Y. Ang & Kim-Kian Choo & Venu Keerthi & Jun-Kai Tan & Mazlan Nur Syafiqah & Thomas Kugler & Jeremy H. Burroughes & Rui-Qi Png & Lay-Lay Chua & Peter K. H. Ho, 2016. "Doped polymer semiconductors with ultrahigh and ultralow work functions for ohmic contacts," Nature, Nature, vol. 539(7630), pages 536-540, November.
    3. Tsubasa Sasaki & Munehiro Hasegawa & Kaito Inagaki & Hirokazu Ito & Kazuma Suzuki & Taku Oono & Katsuyuki Morii & Takahisa Shimizu & Hirohiko Fukagawa, 2021. "Unravelling the electron injection/transport mechanism in organic light-emitting diodes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Cindy G. Tang & Mazlan Nur Syafiqah & Qi-Mian Koh & Chao Zhao & Jamal Zaini & Qiu-Jing Seah & Michael J. Cass & Martin J. Humphries & Ilaria Grizzi & Jeremy H. Burroughes & Rui-Qi Png & Lay-Lay Chua &, 2019. "Multivalent anions as universal latent electron donors," Nature, Nature, vol. 573(7775), pages 519-525, September.
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