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Inequality in Japanese Education

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  • Masakazu Hojo

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to quantitatively express the inequalities in Japan's educational system and to verify trends in the recent past. Since the 1950s, the rate of advancement to middle and high school has continued to increase, as has the average number of years of schooling per capita. However, few if any studies have addressed whether or not education is distributed equitably against this trend toward higher education. In this study, the Gini coefficient for years of schooling is determined using census data in order to measure the degree of inequality in education. Factors that cause change over time are examined and gender, age groups, and districts in Japan are compared. The results show that (1) the degree of inequality in the distribution of education in Japan is declining overall; however, the trend toward greater equality is not occurring in a uniform manner; (2) education is more fairly distributed for females than for males; and (3) the relationship between average years of schooling and the Gini education coefficient is an inverted-U shape.

Suggested Citation

  • Masakazu Hojo, 2009. "Inequality in Japanese Education," Japanese Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(3), pages 3-27.
    • Handle: RePEc:mes:jpneco:v:36:y:2009:i:3:p:3-27
    DOI: 10.2753/JES1097-203X360301
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    Cited by:

    1. Yamamura, Eiji, 2015. "Comparison of Social Trust's effect on suicide ideation between urban and non-urban areas: The Case of Japanese Adults in 2006," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 118-126.
    2. Eiji Yamamura, 2015. "Comparison of Social Capital's Effect on Consideration of Suicide between Urban and Rural Areas," ISER Discussion Paper 0933, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University.
    3. Takahiro Akita, 2023. "Revisiting educational Kuznets curve: An analysis of educational inequality based on absolute and relative inequality measures," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 43(1), pages 1-7.
    4. IBOURK, Aomar & AMAGHOUSS, Jabrane, 2015. "Inequality In Education In The Mena Region: A Macroeconometric Investigation Using Normative Indicators," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 15(2), pages 129-146.
    5. Khusaini, & Remi, Sutyastie Soemitro & Fahmi, Mohamad & Purnagunawan, R. Muhamad, 2020. "Measuring the Inequality in Education: Educational Kuznets Curve," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 54(3), pages 59-76.
    6. Takahiro Akita, 2023. "Revisiting Educational Kuznets Curve: An Analysis of Educational Inequality based on Absolute and Relative Inequality Measures," Working Papers EMS_2023_04, Research Institute, International University of Japan.

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