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Abwanderung, Widerspruch und Camouflage. Reaktionen auf demokratischen Leistungsabfall

Author

Listed:
  • Frey Bruno S.

    (Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland)

Abstract

Albert O. Hirschmans Unterscheidung von „Abwanderung und Widerspruch“ als Antwort auf den Leistungsabfall von Staaten hat grosse Aufmerksamkeit gefunden. Es gibt jedoch eine dritte Antwort, nämlich Camouflage, Stillhalten als Tarnung, bis sich die Bedingungen verbessern. Diese Strategie wird häufig praktiziert, weil ihr Nutzen oft in einem günstigen Verhältnis zu den entstehenden Kosten steht. Die Kosten sind im Fall des Ausstiegs oder des Widerspruches oft hoch. Deshalb tarnt sich eine große Mehrheit der Bürgerinnen und Bürger, wenn sie mit den Ansichten und der Politik eines Regimes nicht einverstanden ist. Sie wartet, bis das unterdrückerische Regime zerbröckelt ist, um im richtigen Moment umso stärker aktiv werden zu können. Camouflage findet auch in privaten Unternehmungen, öffentlichen Einrichtungen und in der Wissenschaft statt. Nutzen und Kosten der drei Reaktionen – Abwanderung, Widerspruch und Camouflage – unterscheiden sich stark voneinander.

Suggested Citation

  • Frey Bruno S., 2022. "Abwanderung, Widerspruch und Camouflage. Reaktionen auf demokratischen Leistungsabfall," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 242(2), pages 277-290, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:jns:jbstat:v:242:y:2022:i:2:p:277-290:n:1
    DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2021-0065
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    Cited by:

    1. Bruno S Frey, 2023. "Camouflage: A dominant reaction to worsening conditions," Rationality and Society, , vol. 35(3), pages 366-384, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    exit; voice; camouflage; democracy; decline; A13; B40; B52; D70; H10; P16;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • A13 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Social Values
    • B40 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - General
    • B52 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Current Heterodox Approaches - - - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Modern Monetary Theory;
    • D70 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - General
    • H10 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - General
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State

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