Harnessing Technology: Enhancing Literacy Development for ESL Secondary School Students

This paper examines the innovative integration of technology in literacy development for English as a Second Language (ESL) learners, focusing specifically on secondary school students in Malaysia. As educational practices shift from traditional methods of the 20th century to advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), ESL students encounter unprecedented opportunities to engage more effectively with the English language. Employing a comprehensive literature review and thematic analysis methodology, this study identifies emerging themes in technology integration within ESL education. Key themes explored include the effectiveness of gamification, AI-assisted tools, and multimodal literacy, as well as the challenges posed by the digital divide, particularly concerning disparities in resource access between urban and rural areas. The findings highlight the urgent need for equitable access to technology and tailored interventions to support literacy development among all ESL learners. By prioritizing enhancements in technological infrastructure and fostering personalized learning experiences, educators and policymakers can bridge the literacy development gap. This paper advocates for a balanced approach to technology integration that promotes critical thinking, collaboration, and human interaction, ensuring that every student has the opportunity to fully leverage technology in their literacy development journey.