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Analysing the impact of migration flows on regional per capita GDP in Türkiye: a spatial panel data approach

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Osman Öztop

    (Department of Economics and Finance, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye, Muğla, Türkiye)

  • Tuna Köse

    (Independent Researcher, Muğla, Türkiye)

Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of net international and internal migration on per capita GDP in Türkiye’s 81 provinces. Unlike prior research, it analyses both migration types within the same spatial panel model and accounts for spatial dependence. The first model (2016-22) examines overall migration effects, the second (2009-22) focuses on the effects of migrants’ educational levels. We find that net international immigration significantly boosts per capita, GDP, with highly educated migrants contributing more to growth. The robustness checks further highlight the complementary role of financial deepening in boosting regional economic performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Osman Öztop & Tuna Köse, 2026. "Analysing the impact of migration flows on regional per capita GDP in Türkiye: a spatial panel data approach," Public Sector Economics, Institute of Public Finance, vol. 50(2), pages 259-286.
    • Handle: RePEc:ipf:psejou:v:50:y:2026:i:2:p:259-286
    DOI: 10.3326/pse.50.2.4
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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