Entrepreneurship orientation in the handicraft industry in Bali, Indonesia using the triple helix concept

The handicraft industry in Bali faces serious challenges in developing entrepreneurial orientation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the triple helix concept in locally cultured businesses. Data were obtained from craftsmen in the handicraft industry of Bali, through direct interviews, which showed the absence of entrepreneurial orientation. This study argues that the development of entrepreneurial orientation requires the synergy of the triple helix ecosystem, which underpins the handicraft industry in Bali. Furthermore, craftsmen need the collaborative effort of the triple helix concept which comprises of academic, business, and government. However, the triple helix concept is unable to provide the required result due to inadequate capital and poor training. When the government acts as a source of contractual relations with stable interactions and exchange, the handicraft industries become production houses. In addition, the government is also a source of contractual relations that ensures stable interaction and exchange, while universities act as a source of new knowledge and technology. The synergy associated with these three sectors is a generative principle used to build a knowledge-based economy, which enables a tighter economic integration.