Rice Yellow Mottle Virus Prevalence, Farmers’ Perceptions, and Production Constraints in Lowland Rice Systems of Benin

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is one of the most damaging viral diseases affecting rice production in sub-Saharan Africa. In Benin, lowland rice systems play a key role in national food security but remain highly vulnerable to biotic constraints, including viral diseases. This study assessed the distribution and prevalence of RYMV in major lowland rice-growing areas of Benin while documenting farmers’ perceptions of disease occurrence, yield losses, and management practices. Field surveys and farmer interviews were conducted in eight districts between September and October 2017. Disease incidence and severity were assessed through field inspections and confirmed using ACP-ELISA. A total of 102 farmers from 21 villages were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Results showed that RYMV was present in all surveyed districts except Dassa, with significant spatial variation in prevalence (p < 0.05). Most infected fields exhibited moderate disease severity, and farmers estimated yield losses ranging from 50% to 100% depending on the stage of infection. Management practices mainly relied on fertilizer application and chemical insecticides, while limited use of improved varieties was reported. Farmers identified limited access to inputs, soil fertility decline, and diseases as major constraints to lowland rice production. Although IR841 was the most widely cultivated variety, its apparent tolerance should not be interpreted as confirmed resistance. The study highlights the continued importance of RYMV in Benin and underscores the need for integrated disease management strategies combining resistant varieties, improved agronomic practices, and strengthened extension services.