Investiture Beseeching in Vietnam – China Diplomatic Relationship in Feudal Age

Investiture beseeching between Vietnam and China Feudal Dynasties actually started in the 10th Century (Ngo Xuong Ngap Reign), after Vietnam had escaped over 1000 years Northern colony and domination by China Feudal Dynasty, gaining its full independence. This also meant that it was not until China faced military failure and had to return national sovereignty for Vietnam that they conferred kingship for Vietnam. In other words, naturally, Kingship conferring of China for Vietnam firstly confirmed the independence of Vietnam according to the defined rules among China and countries with tribute and consecration relationship. For Vietnam, whose border was adjacent to Great Feudal China and who used to be invaded by China for thousands years, investiture beseeching was always used as a diplomatic way to maintain friendship with this strong neighbor. This investiture beseeching lasted till time of Tu Duc King (Nguyen Dynasty) because Tianjin Agreement in 1885 between France and China permanently ended this mother country – vassal relationship between China and Vietnam.