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賃金制度と離職行動―明治後期の諏訪地方の製糸の例―, Wage System and Turnover

Author

Listed:
  • Kambayashi, Ryo

Abstract

労働者が企業間をあまり移動しないことは，よく知られた日本の労働市場の特徴である．戦前諏訪地方の器械製糸業においても20世紀初頭までにそれは実現された．ただしその理由として，一般に指摘される技術革新と特殊熟練技能は当該地域では考えにくい．この問題について本稿は，内部組織の構造と関連した相対評価モデルに着目しつつ，明治時代後期の当該地域の製糸労働に関する賃金と技能水準の史料を用いて検証した．離職率が低下した20世紀初頭に，諏訪地方の製糸家は，「等級賃金制度」と呼ばれる相対評価的な賃金支払制度を採用するようになった．本稿では労働者の離職行動にその制度がもたらした影響に注目し，相対評価モデルの理論的含意と整合的であることを指摘する．そのために当時工女の賃金決定に用いられていた成績簿兼賃金簿である「製糸計算簿」（岡谷蚕糸博物館所蔵「笠原組資料」）を実際に分析したことが本稿の特色である．, In Japan, the turnover rate declined between two World Wars. This has been explained by the introduction of mass production technology and the change of required firm-specific skills, especially in big firms of heavy industries. This paper tries to explain those phenomena not by the technology or firm-specific skills but by the wage scheme they had introduced. Picking up the case of the silk reeling industry in Suwa District, this paper concludes that wage systems such as the Grade Wage System (tokyu-tingin-seido) had succeeded in suppressing turnover. This hypothesis is tested by the Book of Calculation (Seishi-keisan-bo) which is kept in the Cocoon and Silk Museum in Okaya.

Suggested Citation

  • Kambayashi, Ryo, 2000. "賃金制度と離職行動―明治後期の諏訪地方の製糸の例―, Wage System and Turnover," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 51(2), pages 124-135, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:hit:ecorev:v:51:y:2000:i:2:p:124-135
    DOI: 10.15057/21209
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J41 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Labor Contracts
    • J63 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
    • N35 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Asia including Middle East

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