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日本企業の人事制度―インセンティブ・メカニズムとその改革を中心に―, Recent Changes in Incentive Mechanisms of Japanese Firms -Evidence from a New Survey of Personnel Managers-

Author

Listed:
  • Tsuru, Tsuyoshi
  • Morishima, Motohiro
  • Okunishi, Yoshio

Abstract

日本企業の人事制度をめぐる諸問題のうち,賃金格差,昇進格差,ならびに人事制度改革の現状とその規定要因を,東京都内450社に対する独自の企業調査に基づいて,理論的・実証的に分析した.実証分析の結果明らかになったのは以下の点である.(1)同一年齢従業員の賃金格差を大きくするのは,能力・業績のバラツキの大きさやその観測容易制よりも,むしろ昇進格差の大きさや人事考課結果の本人開示度である.(2)昇進格差を大きくするのは,職能資格制度の廃止など企業内での人材開発方針の弱まり,出向者比率の低さなど人材フローに対する制約要因の強さである.(3)こうした賃金・昇進格差の背後にある人事制度の改革に関しては,規模が大きく事務系従業員の比率が高い企業で改革が進むものの,中高年の出向比率の高い企業では改革意欲が低下するこたが確認された.以上の分析結果から,日本企業の人事制度改革は,今のところ,昇進格差に対する制約要因が根強いなかで,賃金格差の拡大を志向した漸進的なものとなっている., Using empirical data obtained from 450 firms in Tokyo and theoretical insights derived from the personnel economics and organizational behavior literature, we have found the following results. First, intrafirm wage differentials among employees are strongly associated with the disclosure policy of personnel evaluation results and promotion differentials, rather than individual marginal productivity. Second, promotion differentials, in turn, are correlated with firm's demographic composition of workforce, and the existing skill-grade (shokunoshikaku) system. Finally, changes in full HRM practices are more likely when the proportion of white-collar employees is high, and less likely when firms adopt the practice of transferring senior employees to subsidiaries (shukko). The evidence suggests that, to change their incentive mechanisms in face of the worst recession in the postwar period, the Japanese firms have widened wage differentials rather than promotion differentials, because the former is easier to implement, given the internal structure of the firm.

Suggested Citation

  • Tsuru, Tsuyoshi & Morishima, Motohiro & Okunishi, Yoshio, 1999. "日本企業の人事制度―インセンティブ・メカニズムとその改革を中心に―, Recent Changes in Incentive Mechanisms of Japanese Firms -Evidence from a New Survey of Personnel Managers-," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 50(3), pages 259-283, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:ecorev:v:50:y:1999:i:3:p:259-283
    DOI: 10.15057/21589
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J40 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - General

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