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Alternative Leaching Agents for Selective Recovery of Gold and Copper from Computer Waste Printed Circuit Boards

Author

Listed:
  • Mariana Cordeiro Magalhães

    (Departamento de Engenharias e Computação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil)

  • Danielly Cardoso Cavalcante

    (Departamento de Engenharias e Computação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil)

  • Tácia Costa Veloso

    (Centro de Formação em Tecno-Ciências e Inovação, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Ilhéus 45662-902, Brazil)

  • Tatiane Benvenuti

    (Departamento de Engenharias e Computação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil)

Abstract

Recent studies focus on recovering materials from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are promising due to their heterogeneous composition, which includes precious metals, ceramics, and polymers. This research analyzes the leaching process of computer PCB waste to recover valuable metals such as copper and gold. The study involved physical-mechanical processing of PCB samples followed by chemical composition characterization. Metal extraction was performed through a three-stage leaching process. The first two stages used 2 M and 3 M sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide as leaching agents, achieving about 75% copper extraction. In the third stage, parameters for gold leaching using thiosulfate were evaluated, including concentrations of ammonium hydroxide and copper sulfate, reaction times (1–4 h), and temperatures (30, 40, and 50 ­ ∘ C). The leaching solution comprising 0.12 M sodium thiosulfate, 0.2 M ammonium hydroxide, and 20 mM copper sulfate yielded maximum gold extractions of 14.76% for fine and 15.73% for coarse fractions at 40 ­ ∘ C. In conclusion, the proposed method for recovering metals from PCBs can reduce the environmental impact of improper WEEE disposal while promoting a circular economy of secondary raw materials.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariana Cordeiro Magalhães & Danielly Cardoso Cavalcante & Tácia Costa Veloso & Tatiane Benvenuti, 2025. "Alternative Leaching Agents for Selective Recovery of Gold and Copper from Computer Waste Printed Circuit Boards," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:9:p:3886-:d:1642613
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dhiya Durani Sofian Azizi & Marlia M. Hanafiah & Kok Sin Woon, 2023. "Material Flow Analysis in WEEE Management for Circular Economy: A Content Review on Applications, Limitations, and Future Outlook," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-22, February.
    2. Mattia Cottes & Matia Mainardis & Patrizia Simeoni, 2023. "Assessing the Techno-Economic Feasibility of Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Treatment Plant: A Multi-Decisional Modeling Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-16, November.
    3. Lu, Yan & Xu, Zhenming, 2016. "Precious metals recovery from waste printed circuit boards: A review for current status and perspective," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 28-39.
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