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The Influence of Traditional Residential Skywell Forms on Building Performance in Hot and Humid Regions of China—Taking Huangshan Area as an Example

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  • Lingling Wang

    (School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China)

  • Jilong Zhao

    (School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China)

  • Qingtan Deng

    (School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China)

  • Siyu Wang

    (School of Architecture, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China)

  • Ruixia Liu

    (School of Architecture, Changan University, Xian 710061, China)

Abstract

Skywells are crucial for climate regulation in traditional Chinese dwelling architecture, exhibiting significant variations across climatic regions. This study focuses on humid–hot China, using Huangshan, to explore skywell parameters’ impact on thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Field research on 24 buildings in the World Heritage Site Xidi, Hong Villages, and Chinese Historical Pingshan Village, combined with Grasshopper’s Ladybug tool, established a parametric model. Using orthogonal design, performance simulation, and Python-based machine learning, six morphological parameters were analyzed: width-to-length ratio, height-to-width ratio, orientation, hall depth, wing width, and shading width. After NSGA-II multi-objective optimization, the summer Percentage of Time Comfortable (P TC ) increased by 5.3%, 38.14 h; the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) relatively improved by 2%; energy consumption decreased by 8.6%, 0.14 kWh/m 2 ; and the useful daylight illuminance increased by 28%, 128.4 h. This confirms the climate adaptability of courtyard-style buildings in humid–hot China and identifies optimized skywell parameters within the study scope.

Suggested Citation

  • Lingling Wang & Jilong Zhao & Qingtan Deng & Siyu Wang & Ruixia Liu, 2025. "The Influence of Traditional Residential Skywell Forms on Building Performance in Hot and Humid Regions of China—Taking Huangshan Area as an Example," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-27, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:17:p:7792-:d:1737556
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rodríguez-Algeciras, José & Tablada, Abel & Chaos-Yeras, Mabel & De la Paz, Guillermo & Matzarakis, Andreas, 2018. "Influence of aspect ratio and orientation on large courtyard thermal conditions in the historical centre of Camagüey-Cuba," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 840-856.
    2. Dong-Seok Lee & Sung-Han Koo & Yoon-Bok Seong & Jae-Hun Jo, 2016. "Evaluating Thermal and Lighting Energy Performance of Shading Devices on Kinetic Façades," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-18, September.
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