IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v17y2025i12p5254-d1673553.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Cultural Landscape Zoning of Traditional Villages in North Henan Province

Author

Listed:
  • Yalong Mao

    (Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
    State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)

  • Zihao Zhang

    (School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)

  • Chang Sun

    (School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)

  • Minjun Cai

    (School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)

  • Yipeng Ge

    (School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China)

Abstract

Traditional villages contain rich natural and humanistic information, and exploring the spatial distribution characteristics and cultural landscape zoning of traditional villages can provide scientific support for their centralized and continuous protection and renewal and sustainable development. In this study, 326 traditional villages in the northern Henan region were taken as the research object, followed by analyzing their spatial distribution characteristics by using geostatistical methods, such as nearest-neighbor index, imbalance index, geographic concentration index, etc., combining the theory of cultural landscape to construct the traditional villages’ cultural factor index system, extracting the cultural factors of the traditional villages to form a database, and adopting the K-means clustering method to divide the region. The results show that the spatial distribution of traditional villages in northern Henan tends to be concentrated overall, with an uneven distribution throughout the region. The density is highest in the northwestern part of Hebi City and lower in the central and southern parts of Xinxiang City, Neihuang County, and Puyang City. Based on the cultural factor index system, the K-means algorithm divides the traditional villages in northern Henan into six clusters. Among them, the five cultural factors of topography and geomorphology, building materials, courtyard form, structural system, and altitude and elevation are the most significant, and they are the cultural factors that dominate the landscape of the villages. There is a significant correlation between topography, altitude, and other cultural factors, while the correlation between the street layout and other factors is the lowest. Based on the similarity between the clustering results and the landscape characteristics, the traditional villages in northern Henan can be divided into the stone masonry building culture area along the Taihang Mountains, the brick and stone mixed building culture area in the low hills of the Taihang Mountains, the brick and wood building culture area in the North China Plain, and the raw soil building culture area in the transition zone of the Loess Plateau.

Suggested Citation

  • Yalong Mao & Zihao Zhang & Chang Sun & Minjun Cai & Yipeng Ge, 2025. "Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Cultural Landscape Zoning of Traditional Villages in North Henan Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:12:p:5254-:d:1673553
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/12/5254/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/12/5254/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Claudia Canedoli & Craig Bullock & Marcus J. Collier & Deirdre Joyce & Emilio Padoa-Schioppa, 2017. "Public Participatory Mapping of Cultural Ecosystem Services: Citizen Perception and Park Management in the Parco Nord of Milan (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-27, May.
    2. Feng Ding & Shijun Zhang & Luote Dai, 2024. "Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of tourism resources based on point of interest data," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(9), pages 1-15, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wai Soe Zin & Aya Suzuki & Kelvin S.-H. Peh & Alexandros Gasparatos, 2019. "Economic Value of Cultural Ecosystem Services from Recreation in Popa Mountain National Park, Myanmar: A Comparison of Two Rapid Valuation Techniques," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Loc, Ho Huu & Park, Edward & Thu, Tran Ngoc & Diep, Nguyen Thi Hong & Can, Nguyen Trong, 2021. "An enhanced analytical framework of participatory GIS for ecosystem services assessment applied to a Ramsar wetland site in the Vietnam Mekong Delta," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    3. Giulia Giacchè & Jean-Noël Consalès & Baptiste J-P. Grard & Anne-Cécile Daniel & Claire Chenu, 2021. "Toward an Evaluation of Cultural Ecosystem Services Delivered by Urban Micro-Farms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    4. Barbara Sowińska-Świerkosz & Malwina Michalik-Śnieżek, 2020. "The Methodology of Landscape Quality (LQ) Indicators Analysis Based on Remote Sensing Data: Polish National Parks Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, April.
    5. Márquez, Laura Andreina Matos & Rezende, Eva Caroline Nunes & Machado, Karine Borges & Nascimento, Emilly Layne Martins do & Castro, Joana D'arc Bardella & Nabout, João Carlos, 2023. "Trends in valuation approaches for cultural ecosystem services: A systematic literature review," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    6. Maria Stella Lux, 2024. "Networks and Fragments: An Integrative Approach for Planning Urban Green Infrastructures in Dense Urban Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-24, November.
    7. Luca Battisti & Filippo Corsini & Natalia Marzia Gusmerotti & Federica Larcher, 2019. "Management and Perception of Metropolitan Natura 2000 Sites: A Case Study of La Mandria Park (Turin, Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-19, November.
    8. Antonella Pietta & Marco Tononi, 2021. "Re-Naturing the City: Linking Urban Political Ecology and Cultural Ecosystem Services," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-19, February.
    9. Xiaomin Xiao & Qiaoru Ye & Xiaobin Dong, 2024. "Using Importance–Performance Analysis to Reveal Priorities for Multifunctional Landscape Optimization in Urban Parks," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-26, April.
    10. Qidi Dong & Heng Lu & Xiaohong Luo & Pengman He & Di Li & Linjia Wu & Yundi Wei & Xuli Chen, 2023. "Evaluation and Optimization of Green Space Fairness in Urban Built-Up Areas Based on an Improved Supply and Demand Model: A Case Study of Chengdu, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-22, October.
    11. Shaoying Zhang & Mastura Adam & Norafida Ab Ghafar, 2024. "How Satisfaction Research Contributes to the Optimization of Urban Green Space Design—A Global Perspective Bibliometric Analysis from 2001 to 2024," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-32, November.
    12. Liangjian Yang & Kaijun Cao, 2022. "Cultural Ecosystem Services Research Progress and Future Prospects: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-18, September.
    13. Jelena Vukomanovic & Megan M. Skrip & Ross K. Meentemeyer, 2019. "Making It Spatial Makes It Personal: Engaging Stakeholders with Geospatial Participatory Modeling," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-11, February.
    14. Wenjia Zhou & Jun Cai & Kai Chen, 2022. "Connecting Recreational Service to Visitor’s Well-Being: A Case Study in Qianjiangyuan National Park," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-17, September.
    15. Claudio Fagarazzi & Carlotta Sergiacomi & Federico M. Stefanini & Enrico Marone, 2021. "A Model for the Economic Evaluation of Cultural Ecosystem Services: The Recreational Hunting Function in the Agroforestry Territories of Tuscany (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    16. Juan Tang & Yudi Fang & Ziyan Tian & Yinghua Gong & Liang Yuan, 2022. "Ecosystem Services Research in Green Sustainable Science and Technology Field: Trends, Issues, and Future Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-22, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:12:p:5254-:d:1673553. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.