IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i22p9664-d1514995.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Are Climate Change Strategies Effective in Managing Urban Water Resources? The Case of Portugal

Author

Listed:
  • Eleonora Santos

    (Centre of Applied Research in Management and Economics, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal)

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between climate mitigation, adaptation strategies, and water management practices in Portugal from 2015 to 2021. Utilizing climate and water resource data from 2015 to 2021, including meteorological data (emperature, rainfall), wastewater treatment volumes, and energy efficiency metrics, the data are sourced from national agencies such as IPMA, ERSAR, APA, and Eurostat. The methodology employs correlation analysis to assess the relationships between climate variables (e.g., temperature, rainfall) and water resource indicators (e.g., reclaimed wastewater, energy efficiency). Despite notable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and improvements in wastewater treatment efficiency, water resource stability remains a complex issue, particularly with regional disparities such as severe droughts in the Algarve. Additionally, the study evaluates the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting systems, reclaimed wastewater, and infiltration facilities, revealing a decline in reclaimed wastewater efficiency despite increased wastewater treatment. Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs) offer resilience, but their broader adoption is hindered by high costs and public perception challenges. Key recommendations include the development of resilient infrastructure, enhanced support for reclaimed water use, and increased investment in research to address water management challenges amid climate variability.

Suggested Citation

  • Eleonora Santos, 2024. "Are Climate Change Strategies Effective in Managing Urban Water Resources? The Case of Portugal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:22:p:9664-:d:1514995
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/22/9664/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/22/9664/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Manuela Moreira da Silva & Flávia C. Resende & Bárbara Freitas & Jaime Aníbal & António Martins & Amílcar Duarte, 2022. "Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Conceição, Nuno & Tezza, Luca & Häusler, Melanie & Lourenço, Sónia & Pacheco, Carlos A. & Ferreira, M. Isabel, 2017. "Three years of monitoring evapotranspiration components and crop and stress coefficients in a deficit irrigated intensive olive orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 138-152.
    3. C. Matos & I. Bentes & C. Santos & M. Imteaz & S. Pereira, 2015. "Economic Analysis of a Rainwater Harvesting System in a Commercial Building," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(11), pages 3971-3986, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & Melton, F. & Johnson, L. & Mota, M. & Wang, T., 2021. "Prediction of crop coefficients from fraction of ground cover and height: Practical application to vegetable, field and fruit crops with focus on parameterization," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    2. Serra, J. & Paredes, P. & Cordovil, CMdS & Cruz, S. & Hutchings, NJ & Cameira, MR, 2023. "Is irrigation water an overlooked source of nitrogen in agriculture?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    3. Monzur A. Imteaz & Maryam Bayatvarkeshi & Md. Rezaul Karim, 2021. "Developing Generalised Equation for the Calculation of PayBack Period for Rainwater Harvesting Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-11, April.
    4. Monzur Alam Imteaz & Vassiliki Boulomytis, 2022. "Improvement of Rainwater Harvesting Analysis Through an Hourly Timestep Model in Comparison with a Daily Timestep Model," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(8), pages 2611-2622, June.
    5. Chen Shiguang & Zeng Haoxin & Sun Hongwei & Liu Song & Yang Yongmin, 2024. "How to determine the cistern volume of rainwater harvesting system: an analytical solution based on roof areas and water demands," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(8), pages 20413-20438, August.
    6. Ramos, Tiago B. & Darouich, Hanaa & Šimůnek, Jiří & Gonçalves, Maria C. & Martins, José C., 2019. "Soil salinization in very high-density olive orchards grown in southern Portugal: Current risks and possible trends," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 265-281.
    7. Peddinti, Srinivasa Rao & Kambhammettu, BVN P, 2019. "Dynamics of crop coefficients for citrus orchards of central India using water balance and eddy covariance flux partition techniques," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 68-77.
    8. Hui Cao & Hongbo Wang & Yong Li & Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani & Nan Zhang & Xingpeng Wang & Yang Gao, 2021. "Evapotranspiration Partition and Dual Crop Coefficients in Apple Orchard with Dwarf Stocks and Dense Planting in Arid Region, Aksu Oasis, Southern Xinjiang," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-16, November.
    9. Ramos, Tiago B. & Darouich, Hanaa & Oliveira, Ana R. & Farzamian, Mohammad & Monteiro, Tomás & Castanheira, Nádia & Paz, Ana & Gonçalves, Maria C. & Pereira, Luís S., 2023. "Water use and soil water balance of Mediterranean tree crops assessed with the SIMDualKc model in orchards of southern Portugal," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    10. Karim, Md. Rezaul & Bashar, Mohammad Zobair Ibne & Imteaz, Monzur Alam, 2015. "Reliability and economic analysis of urban rainwater harvesting in a megacity in Bangladesh," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA), pages 61-67.
    11. Ramos, Tiago B. & Darouich, Hanaa & Oliveira, Ana R. & Farzamian, Mohammad & Monteiro, Tomás & Castanheira, Nádia & Paz, Ana & Alexandre, Carlos & Gonçalves, Maria C. & Pereira, Luís S., 2023. "Water use, soil water balance and soil salinization risks of Mediterranean tree orchards in southern Portugal under current climate variability: Issues for salinity control and irrigation management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    12. Häusler, Melanie & Conceição, Nuno & Tezza, Luca & Sánchez, Juan M. & Campagnolo, Manuel L. & Häusler, Andreas J. & Silva, João M.N. & Warneke, Thorsten & Heygster, Georg & Ferreira, M. Isabel, 2018. "Estimation and partitioning of actual daily evapotranspiration at an intensive olive grove using the STSEB model based on remote sensing," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 188-198.
    13. Suzanne Dallman & Anita M. Chaudhry & Misgana K. Muleta & Juneseok Lee, 2016. "The Value of Rain: Benefit-Cost Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(12), pages 4415-4428, September.
    14. Mariana Marchioni & Anita Raimondi & Maria Gloria Chiano & Umberto Sanfilippo & Stefano Mambretti & Gianfranco Becciu, 2023. "Costs-benefit Analysis for the use of Shallow Groundwater as non-conventional Water Resource," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(5), pages 2125-2142, March.
    15. Cristina Matos & Isabel Bentes & Cristina Santos, 2024. "Rainwater Harvesting System for Industrial Buildings: The Case Study of Continental Advanced Antenna, Vila Real, Portugal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-11, May.
    16. Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & Melton, F. & Johnson, L. & Wang, T. & López-Urrea, R. & Cancela, J.J. & Allen, R.G., 2020. "Prediction of crop coefficients from fraction of ground cover and height. Background and validation using ground and remote sensing data," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    17. Moniruzzaman, Muhammad & Imteaz, Monzur A., 2017. "Generalized equations, climatic and spatial variabilities of potential rainwater savings: A case study for Sydney," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 139-156.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:22:p:9664-:d:1514995. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.