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5G Frequency Standardization, Technologies, Channel Models, and Network Deployment: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

Author

Listed:
  • Yusuf Olayinka Imam-Fulani

    (Department of Telecommunication Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria)

  • Nasir Faruk

    (Department of Information Technology, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Kano 700271, Nigeria
    Directorate of Information and Communication Technology, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Kano 700271, Nigeria)

  • Olugbenga A. Sowande

    (Department of Telecommunication Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria)

  • Abubakar Abdulkarim

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria
    Department of Electrical and Telecommunications Engineering, Kampala International University, Kansanga, Kampala P.O. Box 20000, Uganda)

  • Emmanuel Alozie

    (Department of Telecommunication Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria)

  • Aliyu D. Usman

    (Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria)

  • Kayode S. Adewole

    (Department of Computer Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria)

  • Abdulkarim A. Oloyede

    (Department of Telecommunication Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria)

  • Haruna Chiroma

    (College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39483, Saudi Arabia)

  • Salisu Garba

    (Department of Computer Science, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Kano 700271, Nigeria)

  • Agbotiname Lucky Imoize

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos 100213, Nigeria
    Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Digital Communication, Ruhr University, 44801 Bochum, Germany)

  • Bashir Abdullahi Baba

    (Department of Cyber Security, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Kano 700271, Nigeria)

  • Abdulwaheed Musa

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete 241103, Nigeria
    Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg P.O. Box 524, South Africa)

  • Yinusa A. Adediran

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria)

  • Lawan S. Taura

    (Department of Physics, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Kano 700271, Nigeria)

Abstract

The rapid increase in data traffic caused by the proliferation of smart devices has spurred the demand for extremely large-capacity wireless networks. Thus, faster data transmission rates and greater spectral efficiency have become critical requirements in modern-day networks. The ubiquitous 5G is an end-to-end network capable of accommodating billions of linked devices and offering high-performance broadcast services due to its several enabling technologies. However, the existing review works on 5G wireless systems examined only a subset of these enabling technologies by providing a limited coverage of the system model, performance analysis, technology advancements, and critical design issues, thus requiring further research directions. In order to fill this gap and fully grasp the potential of 5G, this study comprehensively examines various aspects of 5G technology. Specifically, a systematic and all-encompassing evaluation of the candidate 5G enabling technologies was conducted. The evolution of 5G, the progression of wireless mobile networks, potential use cases, channel models, applications, frequency standardization, key research issues, and prospects are discussed extensively. Key findings from the elaborate review reveal that these enabling technologies are critical to developing robust, flexible, dependable, and scalable 5G and future wireless communication systems. Overall, this review is useful as a resource for wireless communication researchers and specialists.

Suggested Citation

  • Yusuf Olayinka Imam-Fulani & Nasir Faruk & Olugbenga A. Sowande & Abubakar Abdulkarim & Emmanuel Alozie & Aliyu D. Usman & Kayode S. Adewole & Abdulkarim A. Oloyede & Haruna Chiroma & Salisu Garba & A, 2023. "5G Frequency Standardization, Technologies, Channel Models, and Network Deployment: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-71, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:5173-:d:1097392
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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