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Remediation of Heavy Metals in Polluted Water by Immobilized Algae: Current Applications and Future Perspectives

Author

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  • Zhonghao Chen

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China)

  • Ahmed I. Osman

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK)

  • David W. Rooney

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK)

  • Wen-Da Oh

    (School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Pow-Seng Yap

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China)

Abstract

The progression of urban industrialization releases large quantities of heavy metals into water, resulting in the severe heavy metal contamination of the aquatic environment. Traditional methods for removing heavy metals from wastewater generally have varying removal efficiencies, whereas algae adsorption technology is a cost-effective and sustainable bioremediation technique. A green technology that immobilizes algae through a carrier to improve biosorbent’s stability and adsorption performance is immobilization technology. The purpose of this review is to study the optimization strategy of the immobilization of algae for the bioremediation of heavy metals and to comprehensively analyze immobilized algae technology in terms of sustainability. The analysis of the mechanism of heavy metal removal by immobilized algae and the parameters affecting the efficiency of the biosorbent, as well as the approach based on life cycle assessment and economic analysis, allowed the identification of the optimization of the adsorption performance of immobilized algae. This provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of algal bioremediation.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhonghao Chen & Ahmed I. Osman & David W. Rooney & Wen-Da Oh & Pow-Seng Yap, 2023. "Remediation of Heavy Metals in Polluted Water by Immobilized Algae: Current Applications and Future Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-23, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:5128-:d:1096732
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zeng, Xianhai & Guo, Xiaoyi & Su, Gaomin & Danquah, Michael K. & Zhang, Shiduo & Lu, Yinghua & Sun, Yong & Lin, Lu, 2015. "Bioprocess considerations for microalgal-based wastewater treatment and biomass production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1385-1392.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maria Antoniadou & Anestis Intzes & Christos Kladouchas & Iliana Christou & Stavroula Chatzigeorgiou & Martha Plexida & Valantis Stefanidakis & Ioannis Tzoutzas, 2023. "Factors Affecting Water Quality and Sustainability in Dental Practices in Greece," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-23, June.

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